In July, the Ai Group Industry Index for Australia's manufacturing sector increased by 4.9 points to reach -23.9. While this marks a slight improvement, it indicates the sector is still experiencing substantial contraction. Manufacturers identify persistent cost pressures, weak demand, policy challenges, and intensifying international competition as significant hurdles. Trade threats and high energy costs also continue to impede recovery efforts, causing the sector to lag behind other areas of the industrial economy. Upstream sectors such as chemicals and minerals showed some progress, with minerals benefiting from increased infrastructure-related orders, despite ongoing supply chain and labor issues. Machinery and equipment reported the most significant gains; however, global uncertainty and restricted capital expenditure remain formidable challenges. Conversely, the food, beverages, and textile, clothing, and footwear (TCF) sector further declined, affected by export uncertainty due to tariffs, rising input costs, and reduced local demand.