Household spending in Japan experienced a year-on-year decline of 2.9% in October 2025, contrary to market forecasts of a 1.0% increase. This downturn reverses the previous month's 1.8% growth and marks the first decline since April, highlighting ongoing cost pressures as the year draws to a close. On a month-to-month basis, personal spending dropped by 3.5%, defying expectations of a 0.7% rise following a 0.7% fall in September.