Germany's DAX index trimmed some of its initial gains but ultimately closed 0.6% higher at 23,253, outperforming other European markets and recovering a portion of the significant losses experienced last week. Market sentiment was bolstered by increasing anticipation of a possible Federal Reserve interest rate cut in December, following remarks by Governor Waller. Additionally, there was cautious optimism surrounding a peace agreement in Ukraine. This positive outlook persisted despite ongoing concerns about a speculative bubble within the technology sector, particularly among stocks related to artificial intelligence. Concurrently, Germany's Ifo business climate index unexpectedly declined in November. Standout performers included Bayer, whose shares surged 10.7% to their highest point in nearly 14 months, driven by positive clinical results for its stroke-treatment drug, Asundexian. Other notable gainers were Siemens Energy, up 5.6%, Infineon Technologies, which rose 3.7%, BMW with a 2.3% increase, and Fresenius Medical Care, which saw a 2.1% gain. In contrast, the biggest losses were observed among defense sector stocks, such as Rheinmetall, which fell by 5%.