In September 2025, South Korea experienced a 1.2% decline in industrial production compared to the previous month, erasing the gains of a downwardly revised 2.2% increase seen in August. This performance fell short of the anticipated 0.1% rise. The decrease is attributed to the impact of changing global trade policies, which have adversely affected key export industries such as semiconductors, automobiles, and electronic components. Nevertheless, on an annual basis, the output surged by 11.6% in September, a significant rise from 0.7% in August, and far exceeding market expectations of a 5.9% increase.