FX.co ★ Traders economic calendar. International economic events

Retail Sales measure the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the NZD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the NZD.

Retail sales data represents total consumer purchase from retail stores. It provides valuable information about consumer spending which makes up the consumption part of GDP. The most volatile components like autos, gas prices andfood prices are often removed from the report to show more underlying demand patterns as changes in sales in these categories are frequently a result of price changes. It is not adjusted for inflation. Spending on services is not included. Rising retail sales indicate stronger economic growth. However, if theincrease is larger than forecast, it may be inflationary.

Core Retail Sales measures the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level in New Zealand, excluding automobiles and gas stations. It is an important indicator of consumer spending and is also considered a pace indicator for New Zealand's economy.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the NZD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the NZD.

Exports of goods and services consist of transactions in goods and services (sales, barter, gifts or grants) from residents to non-residents. A function of international trade whereby goods produced in one country are shipped to another country for future sale or trade. The sale of such goods addsto the producing nation's gross output. If used for trade, exports are exchangedfor other products or services. Exports are one of the oldest forms of economic transfer, and occur on a large scale between nations that have fewer restrictions on trade, such as tariffs or subsidies.

Trade balance is the net difference between exports and imports collected from the import/export entry forms of the Customs Department, which reveal both volume and value of imports and exports. In order for the trade balance to be consistent with the definition of balance of payments, statistical modifications have been made to exclude some customs items for the transactions carried out among the residents. Such items include: goods granted embassy privilege; goods with no change of ownership, e.g., goods sent for repair, temporary imported goods, sample goods, leased goods. Adjustments are as well made to include goods actually imported and exported but did not undergo customs declaration such as military goods, electrical appliances and commercial aircrafts.

Imports of goods and services consist of transactions in goods and services (purchases, barter, gifts or grants) from non-residents to residents. A good or service brought into one country from another. Along with exports, imports form the backbone of international trade. The higher the value of imports entering a country, compared to the value of exports, the more negative that country's balance of trade becomes.

Monetary aggregates, known also as "money supply", is the quantity of currency available within the economy to purchase goods and services. Depending on the degree of liquidity chosen to define an asset as money, various monetary aggregates are distinguished: M0, M1, M2, M3, M4, etc. Not all of them are used by every country. Note that methodology of calculating money supply varies between countries. M2 is a monetary aggregate that includes all physical currency circulating in the economy (banknotes and coins), operational deposits in central bank, money in current accounts, saving accounts, money market deposits and small certificates of deposit. Excess money supply growth potentially can cause inflation and generate fears that the government may tighten money growth by allowing the interest rates to rise which in turn, lowers future prices. M2 = Currency in circulation + demand deposits (private sector) + time and savings deposits (private sector).

The Core Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a significant economic calendar event in Singapore as it measures the changes in the price of goods and services, excluding the more volatile components such as food, energy, alcohol, and tobacco. This data gives a clearer picture of the underlying inflationary trends in the country.

The Core CPI is closely monitored by policymakers and economists because it plays a critical role in determining the monetary policies set by the Central Bank. A steady growth rate in Core CPI can influence the Central Bank to raise interest rates in order to curb excessive inflation, which can impact consumer spending, investments, and overall economic growth.

Investors and market participants also pay attention to this event, as it can offer insights into possible future interest rate decisions and the overall health of the Singaporean economy. A higher-than-expected Core CPI reading can be viewed as positive for the currency, while a lower-than-expected reading may be seen as negative.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

The impact on the currency may go both ways, a rise in CPI may lead to a rise in interest rates and a rise in local currency, on the other hand, during recession, a rise in CPI may lead to a deepened recession and therefore a fall in local currency.

Export price index is a measure of the average prices of a group of the goods that a country exports. The headline is the percentage change in the index from the previous month or year. It is generally preferable when the index is based on prices taken directly from the exporter. However, in the absence of national sources, data for wholesale prices are taken from world commodity markets and are converted into national currency at period average exchange rates. Changes in this figure represent either a change in the amount of sold goods or in the prices of the goods which might be caused by changing production costs. Export price index serves is an indicator of the economy's total demand for goods and services. Therefore it directly influences GDP.

Import price index is a measure of the average prices of the goods that a country imports. The headline is the percentage change in the index from the previous month or year. It is generally preferable when the index is based on prices taken directly from the importer. However, in the absence of national sources, data for wholesale prices are taken from world commodity markets and are converted into national currency at period average exchange rates. Changes in this figure represent either a changing foreign demand or a change in prices of foreign goods. Significant changes in foreign goods prices might affect inflation. Increasing index causes higher retail prices in the country. Import price index is an indicator of the economy's total supply of goods and services.

The Producer Price Index (PPI) is designed to monitor changes in prices of items at the first important commercial transactions. The PPI shows the same general pattern of inflation as does Consumer price index, but is more volatile. This is because it is weighted more heavily towards goods that are traded in highly competitive markets and somewhat less sensitive to changes in the cost of labour.The PPI is worth watching as a leading indicator of inflation at the consumer level. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

M3 Money Supply measures the change in the total quantity of domestic currency in circulation and deposited in banks. An increasing supply of money leads to additional spending, which in turn leads to inflation.

C2 stands for ""Credit from domestic sources in NOK and foreign currency"", ie ""the indicator of gross domestic debt for the non-financial private sector and municipalities in NOK and foreign currency"". In addition to C1, ""Credit from domestic sources in NOK and foreign currency"" (C2) consists of lending to the public in foreign currency by Norwegian financial corporations. All growth rate calculations based on holdings which include foreign currency loans are adjusted for changes in exchange rates in order to eliminate all changes not related to transactions. The growth rate calculations are also adjusted for statistical breaks which are not attributable to transactions or valuation changes. An example of this kind of break could be that a financial enterprise moves from one sector to another.

Retail sales data represents total consumer purchase from retail stores. It provides valuable information about consumer spending which makes up the consumption part of GDP. The most volatile components like autos, gas prices and food prices are often removed from the report to show more underlying demand patterns as changes in sales in these categories are frequently a result of price changes. It is not adjusted for inflation. Spending on services is not included. Rising retail sales indicate stronger economic growth. However, if the increase is larger than forecast, it may be inflationary. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the PLN , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the PLN.

The Unemployment Rate measures the percentage of the total work force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment during the previous quarter. A higher than expected reading should be taken as negitive/bearish for the TWD , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the TWD.

M3 Money Supply measures the change in the total quantity of domestic currency in circulation and deposited in banks. An increasing supply of money leads to additional spending, which in turn leads to inflation.

Monetary aggregates, known also as "money supply", is the quantity of currency available within the economy to purchase goods and services. Depending on the degree of liquidity chosen to define an asset as money, various monetary aggregates are distinguished: M0, M1, M2, M3, M4, etc. Not all of them are used by every country. Note that methodology of calculating money supply varies between countries. M2 is a monetary aggregate that includes all physical currency circulating in the economy (banknotes and coins), operational deposits in central bank, money in current accounts, saving accounts, money market deposits and small certificates of deposit. Excess money supply growth potentially can cause inflation and generate fears that the government may tighten money growth by allowing the interest rates to rise which in turn, lowers future prices. M2 = Currency in circulation + demand deposits (private sector) + time and savings deposits (private sector).

The consumer price index (CPI) is a measure of change in the general level of prices of goods and services bought by households over a specified period of time. It compares a household's cost for a specific basket of finished goods and services with the cost of the same basket during an earlier benchmark period. The consumer price index is used as a measurement of and is a key economic figure. Likely impact: 1) Interest Rates: Larger-than-expected quarterly increase in price inflation or increasing trend is considered inflationary; this will cause bond prices to drop and yields and interest rates to rise. 2) Stock Prices: Higher than expected price inflation is bearish on the stock market as higher inflation will lead to higher interest rates. 3) Exchange Rates: High inflation has an uncertain effect. It would lead to depreciation as higher prices mean lower competitiveness. Conversely, higher inflation causes higher interest rates and a tighter monetary policy that leads to an appreciation.

The consumer price index (CPI) is a measure of change in the general level of prices of goods and services bought by households over a specified period of time. It compares a household's cost for a specific basket of finished goods and services with the cost of the same basket during an earlier benchmark period. The consumer price index is used as a measurement of and is a key economic figure. Likely impact: 1) Interest Rates: Larger-than-expected quarterly increase in price inflation or increasing trend is considered inflationary; this will cause bond prices to drop and yields and interest rates to rise. 2) Stock Prices: Higher than expected price inflation is bearish on the stock market as higher inflation will lead to higher interest rates. 3) Exchange Rates: High inflation has an uncertain effect. It would lead to depreciation as higher prices mean lower competitiveness. Conversely, higher inflation causes higher interest rates and a tighter monetary policy that leads to an appreciation.

The Economic Activity Index provides an early estimate for real gross domestic (GDP) performance in Mexico.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the MXN, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the MXN.

The Economic Activity Index provides an early estimate for real gross domestic (GDP) performance in Mexico.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the MXN, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the MXN.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the MXN, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the MXN.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the MXN, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the MXN.

Money Supply is the aggregate amount of monetary assets available in a country at a specific time. According to the Financial Times, Money Supply M0 and M1, also known as narrow money, includes coins and notes in circulation and other assets that are easily convertible into cash. Money Supply M2 includes M1 plus short-term time deposits in banks. Money Supply M3 includes M2 plus longer-term time deposits. A higher than expected number should be taken as negative to the PLN, while a higher than expected number as negative

A monthly report by the Chicago Federal Reserve Bank that tracks economic activity in the 7th district, which is comprised of Indiana, Iowa, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin. The index is useful in tracking economic growth and identifying potential inflation.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

Corporate Profits measures the change in the total value of profits earned by corporations. This data is released quarterly, around 55 days after the quarter ends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CAD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CAD.

Gross National Product and Gross Domestic Product is the total value of the finished goods and services produced in the economy. It is not a precise measure of national economic well-being but expressed in volume (adjusted for inflation) it is the closest single number we have got to such a measure. It is the sum of Final expenditures, Export of goods and services, Imports of goods and services, Private Consumption, Government Consumption, Gross Fixed Capital Formation and Increases/Decreases(-) in stocks. The difference between Gross National Product and Gross Domestic Product is the Net Factor Income/Payments abroad. The data are seasonally and calender adjusted.

Oil Production is an important economic calendar event for Nigeria, as it is one of the country's key indicators of economic health and stability. Nigeria is a major oil exporter and one of Africa's largest oil-producing countries, making this event especially significant.

The event provides updates on the number of barrels of crude oil produced by the country within a specific period, whether monthly or yearly- depending on the data release schedule. The figures are typically presented in millions of barrels per day (bpd).

A rise in oil production is generally seen as positive for the Nigerian economy, as it can boost export revenues, strengthen the national currency, and promote economic growth. However, it's important to also consider external factors such as global oil prices and demand, which can affect the overall impact of increased production.

On the other hand, a decline in production can signal potential instability or challenges in Nigeria's oil sector. This may have adverse effects on the nation's economy, with potential impacts on inflation, unemployment, and overall economic growth. As a result, monitoring Nigeria's oil production data can provide crucial insights into the country's economic landscape and its ability to maintain a sustainable growth path.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the average yield on the Bons du Trésor à taux fixe or BTF auctioned.

French BTF bills have maturities of up to 1 year. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital.

The yield on the BTF represents the return an investor will receive by holding the treasury for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the average yield on the Bons du Trésor à taux fixe or BTF auctioned.

French BTF bills have maturities of up to 1 year. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital.

The yield on the BTF represents the return an investor will receive by holding the treasury for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the average yield on the Bons du Trésor à taux fixe or BTF auctioned.

French BTF bills have maturities of up to 1 year. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital.

The yield on the BTF represents the return an investor will receive by holding the treasury for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the rate on the Treasury Bill auctioned.

U.S. Treasury Bills have maturities of a few days to one year. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital. The rate on a Treasury Bill represents the return an investor will receive by holding the bill for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the rate on the Treasury Bill auctioned.

U.S. Treasury Bills have maturities of a few days to one year. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital. The rate on a Treasury Bill represents the return an investor will receive by holding the bill for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

The Focus Market Report provides weekly mean market expectations for inflation over following month, 12 months, and following year as well as expectations for Selic target rate, real GDP growth, net public sector debt/GDP, industrial production growth, current account, and trade balance, collected from over 130 banks, brokers, and funds managers.

The Consumer Confidence measures the level of consumer confidence in economic activity. It is a leading indicator as it can predict the consumer spending, which is a major part in the total economic activity. Higher readings point to higher consumer optimism. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the KRW, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the KRW.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the SGD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the SGD.

The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) Monetary Policy Meeting Minutes are a detailed record of the bank's most recent policy-setting meeting, containing in-depth insights into the economic conditions that influenced the rate decision.

More dovish than expected minutes could be taken as negative/bearish for the AUD, while more hawkish than expected minutes could be taken as positive/bullish for the AUD.

The definition for an unemployed person is: Persons (16-65 years) who were available for work (except for temporary illness) but did not work during the survey week, and who made specific efforts to find a job within the previous 4 weeks by going to an employment agency, by applying directly to an employer, by answering a job ad, or being on a union or professional register.The unemployment rate represents the number of unemployed persons expressed as a percentage of the labour force. The unemployment rate for a particular age/sex group is the number of unemployed in that group expressed as a percentage of the labour force for that group. A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR.

Japan's Composite index of coincident indicators measures current economic conditions. For the main purpose of measuring the amplitude of the fluctuations of economic activities, the composite indexes are constructed by aggregating the percentage changes of the selected series. They are represented with the average of their 1995 values as 100. The coincident index consists of the following components: - Index of industrial production (mining and manufacturing); - Index of consumption of raw materials (manufacturing); - Large industrial power consumption; - Index of capacity utilization ratio (manufacturing); - Index of non-scheduled worked hours; - Index of producer's shipment (investment goods); - Sales at department stores (percent change from the previous year); - Index of sales in wholesale trade (percent change from the previous year); - Operating profits (all industries); - Index of sales in small and medium sized enterprises (manufacturing); - Effective job offer rate (excluding new school graduates).

The Leading Indicators Index is a composite index based on 12 economic indicators, that is designed to predict the future direction of the economy.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the JPY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the JPY.

The Leading Indicators Index is a composite index based on 12 economic indicators, that is designed to predict the future direction of the economy.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the JPY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the JPY.

Measures the change in the price of goods and services purchased by consumers, excluding food and energy. The BoJ usually pays more attention to the core inflation data.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the broadest measure of economic activity and is a key indicator of economic health. The quarterly percent changes in GDP show the growth rate of the economy as a whole.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the broadest measure of economic activity and is a key indicator of economic health. The quarterly percent changes in GDP show the growth rate of the economy as a whole.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Retail sales data represents total consumer purchase from retail stores. It provides valuable information about consumer spending which makes up the consumption part of GDP. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the DKK , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the DKK.

LFS- Labour Force Survey. Three-months moving average. Employed persons are persons aged 16-74 who performed work for pay or profit for at least one hour in the survey week, or who were temporarily absent from work because of illness,holidays etc. Conscripts are classified as employed persons. Persons engaged by government measures to promote employment are also included if they receive wages. Unemployed persons are persons who were not employed in the survey week,but who had been seeking work during the preceding four weeks, and were available for work within the next two weeks. Persons in the labour force are either employed or unemployed. The remaining group of persons is labelled not in the labour force. Unemployed persons and persons not in the labour force constitute the group non-employed persons. A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the NOK , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the NOK.