FX.co ★ Traders economic calendar. International economic events

The China Loan Prime Rate (LPR) for 5-Year Loans is a benchmark interest rate used by commercial banks to set the interest rate on medium-term loans, such as loans with a maturity of five years. The People's Bank of China (PBOC) introduced the LPR as an important part of its interest rate reform in 2013, aiming to make lending rates more market-oriented and improve monetary policy transmission.

The LPR is calculated based on quotations submitted by a group of representative commercial banks in the country, including large national banks and smaller regional banks. The National Interbank Funding Center releases the rate on a monthly basis, taking the average of the submitted quotations after excluding the highest and lowest ones. A lower LPR reflects a more accommodative monetary policy, which may encourage borrowing and investment. Conversely, a higher LPR indicates a tighter monetary policy, which may constrain borrowing and economic growth.

Investors and analysts closely monitor the LPR, as changes to this rate can impact economic growth, financial markets, and business activity in China. Furthermore, given China's status as the world's second-largest economy, fluctuations in the country's interest rates can influence global economic trends and market sentiment.

The People’s Bank of China announced that beginning August 20, 2019, the loan prime rate (LPR) will be calculated under a new formation mechanism. Based on the citations made by quoting banks--by adding a few basis points to the interest rate of open market operations (mainly referring to the rate of the medium-term lending facility, or MLF)--the LPR is now calculated by the National Interbank Funding Center (NIFC), serving as the pricing reference for bank lending. Currently, the LPR consists of rates with two maturities, i.e. one year and over five years. At present, the LPR quoting facilities are comprised of 18 banks. The quoting banks will submit their quotes before 9:00 a.m. on the 20th day of every month (postponed in case of holidays), with 0.05 percentage points as the step length, to the NIFC.

The HPI is based on transactions involving conventional and conforming mortgages - only on single-family properties.It is a weighted, repeat-sales index, which means that it measures average price changes in repeat sales or refinancings on the same properties. Percent change from a year earlier, 70 medium and large cities. It is a weighted average calculated by Thomson Reuters. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CNY , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CNY.

Chinese Fixed Asset Investment measures the change in the total spending on non-rural capital investments such as factories, roads, power grids, and property.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CNY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CNY.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CNY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CNY.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health. A stronger than expected number should be taken as positive for the CNY and a lower than expected number as negative to the CNY.

The Chinese GDP YTD (Year-to-Date) is an important economic indicator that shows the pace of economic growth in China. This event measures the total market value of all goods and services produced by the country in a given period, usually released quarterly by the National Bureau of Statistics of China.

A higher rate of GDP growth can often signal a healthy economy, which may lead to increased investments and trade activities. Conversely, a lower growth rate may indicate a sluggish economy, potentially causing financial markets and foreign investors to react negatively. This data can help traders and investors in understanding the overall economic health of China, which is a crucial aspect of making decisions in the global financial markets.

Industrial Production measures the change in the total inflation-adjusted value of output produced by manufacturers, mines, and utilities.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CNY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CNY.

Industrial Production measures the change in the total inflation-adjusted value of output produced by manufacturers, mines, and utilities.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CNY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CNY.

Retail Sales measure the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CNY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CNY.

Retail Sales measure the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CNY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CNY.

The Chinese unemployment rate measures the percentage of the total urban work force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment during the reported month. A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CNY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CNY.

The Bank of Japan (BOJ) press conference looks at the factors that affected the most recent interest rate decision, the overall economic outlook, inflation and offers insights into future monetary policy decisions.

The National Bureau of Statistics of China (NBS) press conference publishes statistics related to the economy, population and society of the People's Republic of China at the national and local levels.

The Producer Price Index (PPI) measures the change in the price of goods sold by manufacturers. It is a leading indicator of consumer price inflation, which accounts for the majority of overall inflation.

The Producer Price Index (PPI) measures the change in the price of goods sold by manufacturers. It is a leading indicator of consumer price inflation, which accounts for the majority of overall inflation.

The German Producer Price Index (PPI) measures the change in the price of goods sold by manufacturers.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The German Producer Price Index (PPI) measures the change in the price of goods sold by manufacturers.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Corporate Sector Wages released by the Central Statistical Office is an indicator of labor cost inflation and of the tightness of labor markets. This figure can provide insight on the Polish employment situation. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the PLN, while a lower than expected number as negative

The number of persons employed in national economy, employment status, selected categories of employed persons, foreigners, disabled persons, retired persons, elements of employment movement by recruitment sources and reasons for dismissals.

This is a useful indicator of the economy because it is more current compared to the GNP and reported every month. Total Industrial Production includes Mining,Manufacturing, and Energy but it excludes transportation, services, and agriculture which is included in GNP. Industrial Production is generally more volatile than GNP. Production in enterprises in which the number of employees exceeds 5 persons in real time (constant prices). A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the PLN , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the PLN.

The Producer Price Index (PPI) is designed to monitor changes in prices of items at the first important commercial transactions. The PPI shows the same general pattern of inflation as does Consumer price index, but is more volatile. This is because it is weighted more heavily towards goods that are traded in highly competitive markets and somewhat less sensitive to changes in the cost of labour. In principle, the PPI should include service industries, but in practice it is limited to the domestic agricultural and industrial sector. The prices should be farm-gate prices for the agricultural sector and ex-factory prices for the industrial sector. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the PLN , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the PLN.

The Current Account index measures the difference in value between exported and imported goods, services and interest payments during the reported month. The goods portion is the same as the monthly Trade Balance figure. Because foreigners must buy the domestic currency to pay for the exports the data can have a sizable affect on the EUR.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Current Account index measures the difference in value between exported and imported goods, services and interest payments during the reported month. The goods portion is the same as the monthly Trade Balance figure. Because foreigners must buy the domestic currency to pay for the exports the data can have a sizable affect on the Euro.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the Euro, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the Euro.

The unemployment rate measures the percentage of the total work force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment during the reported month. A higher than expected reading should be taken as negitive/bearish for the HKD , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the HKD.

Construction output includes construction work done by enterprises with prevailing construction activity. Construction industry provides information on construction output and activity. Such information gives an insight into the supply on the housing and construction market.The construction industry is one of the first to go into a recession when the economy declines but also to recover as conditions improve. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The unemployment rate represents the number of unemployed persons expressed as a percentage of the labour force. The unemployment rate for a particular age/sex group is the number of unemployed in that group expressed as a percentage of the labour force for that group. A registered unemployed is a person who is neither in employment nor a member of an organization, does not perform any independent gainful activity, nor is getting ready for an occupation and is personally applying, on the basis of a written application, for the intermediation of an appropriate job at labour offices, social affairs and family. People who are interested in a job and are in employment or perform an independent gainful activity and are interested in a different job are not included.

The Current Account index measures the difference in value between exported and imported goods, services and interest payments during the reported month. The goods portion is the same as the monthly Trade Balance figureA higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR. Anyways, the impact of Pourtugal on the EUR is small.

The Bundesbank Monthly Report handles economic issues, including in particular monetary policy, and financial and economic policy issues.

Israeli M1 figure measeures the amount of money in circulation in notes, coin, current accounts, and deposit accounts transferable by cheque, Usually a higher than expected number would indicate inflationary pressure and the effect of that on the currency may go both ways.

The Focus Market Report provides weekly mean market expectations for inflation over following month, 12 months, and following year as well as expectations for Selic target rate, real GDP growth, net public sector debt/GDP, industrial production growth, current account, and trade balance, collected from over 130 banks, brokers, and funds managers.

The Industrial Product Price Index (IPPI) measures the change in the price of domestically produced goods sold by manufacturers.

>A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CAD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CAD.

The Industrial Product Price Index (IPPI) measures the change in the price of domestically produced goods sold by manufacturers.

>A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CAD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CAD.

The Raw Materials Price Index reflects the prices paid by Canadian manufacturers for key raw materials. Unlike the industrial product price index, the RMPI includes goods that are not produced in Canada. The imapct on the CAD may go both ways.

The Raw Materials Price Index (RMPI) measures the change in the price of raw materials purchased by manufacturers. It is a leading indicator of consumer inflation, which accounts for a majority of overall inflation.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CAD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CAD.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the average yield on the Bons du Trésor à taux fixe or BTF auctioned.

French BTF bills have maturities of up to 1 year. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital.

The yield on the BTF represents the return an investor will receive by holding the treasury for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the average yield on the Bons du Trésor à taux fixe or BTF auctioned.

French BTF bills have maturities of up to 1 year. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital.

The yield on the BTF represents the return an investor will receive by holding the treasury for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the average yield on the Bons du Trésor à taux fixe or BTF auctioned.

French BTF bills have maturities of up to 1 year. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital.

The yield on the BTF represents the return an investor will receive by holding the treasury for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

Business Inventories measures the change in the worth of unsold goods held by manufacturers, wholesalers, and retailers. A high reading can indicate a lack of consumer demand.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD.

Retail Inventories Ex Auto is an economic indicator that measures the changes in the value of retail inventories. This metric provides insight into the health of the retail sector by analyzing the value of unsold goods held by retailers, excluding automobile and auto parts dealers. A growing inventory can signal that consumer demand is weak, leading retailers to hold onto a surplus of products. On the other hand, a decline in retail inventories can indicate increased consumer spending, stronger business confidence, and positive economic growth.

Investors, market participants, and policymakers pay close attention to this data, as it serves as a valuable tool for gauging the overall health of the retail sales industry and the broader economy. Additionally, changes in retail inventories can also have a direct impact on GDP calculations, making it a significant factor in assessing economic growth. Monitoring the Retail Inventories Ex Auto can help market participants make informed decisions about potential shifts in consumer behavior and the economic landscape.

The Capacity Utilization Rate is the percentage of production capacity being utilized in the U.S.(available resources includes factories, mines and utilities). Capacity Utilization reflects overall growth and demand in the economy. It can also act as a leading indicator of consumer price inflation.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

Industrial Production measures the change in the total inflation-adjusted value of output produced by manufacturers, mines, and utilities. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

Industrial Production measures the change in the total inflation-adjusted value of output produced by manufacturers, mines, and utilities.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

Manufacturing Production measures the change in the total inflation-adjusted value of output produced by manufacturers.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

The composite economic indexes are the key elements in an analytic system designed to signal peaks and troughs in the business cycle. The leading, coincident, and lagging economic indexes are essentially composite averages of several individual leading, coincident, or lagging indicators. They are constructed to summarize and reveal common turning point patterns in economic data in a clearer and more convincing manner than any individual component – primarily because they smooth out some of the volatility of individual components.

Public Finances, Central Government, Debt, Total.

The Business Outlook Survey released by the Bank of Canada measures the business outlook in Canada as derived from a survey of about 100 selected businesses which asks respondents to rate the relative level of general business conditions.

It's a leading indicator of economic health.

An optimistic view of those executives should be taken as positive/bullish for the CAD, while a pessimistic view should be taken as negative/bearish for the CAD.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the rate on the Treasury Bill auctioned.

U.S. Treasury Bills have maturities of a few days to one year. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital. The rate on a Treasury Bill represents the return an investor will receive by holding the bill for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the rate on the Treasury Bill auctioned.

U.S. Treasury Bills have maturities of a few days to one year. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital. The rate on a Treasury Bill represents the return an investor will receive by holding the bill for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

German Buba Balz Speaks is an economic calendar event that highlights a public speaking engagement or presentation made by a high-ranking official from the Bundesbank (Germany's central bank). During this event, the speaker typically shares insights and updates on the country's economy, inflation, monetary policy, and other key factors impacting Germany's financial landscape.

Investors and market participants pay close attention to these speeches as they may contain valuable information on the central bank's future monetary policy decisions, which can influence the German financial markets, the euro currency, and European bond markets. Any remarks made by the Buba Balz speaker could also serve as an indicator of the overall economic health and direction for Germany, Europe's largest economy.

German Buba Balz Speaks events should be monitored closely by those seeking to make informed decisions or gain an understanding of trends, changes, and developments within German and European financial markets.

Trade balance, called also net export, is the difference between the value of country's exports and imports, over a period of time. A positive balance (trade surplus) means that exports exceed imports, a negative one means the opposite. Positive trade balance illustrates high competitiveness of country's economy. This strengthens investors' interest in the local currency, appreciating its exchange rate. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the ARS , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the ARS.

The M3 Money Supply is a key economic indicator that measures the total amount of money circulating in an economy, including cash, checking deposits, and savings deposits within the United Arab Emirates. A broader measure of money supply, M3 also includes less liquid financial instruments like large time deposits, institutional money market funds, and other larger, less-liquid assets.

As a monthly event on the economic calendar, the M3 Money Supply's growth rate is closely monitored by investors and policymakers to assess the health of the economy, the direction of interest rates, and potential inflationary pressures. An increase in the M3 Money Supply may signal an expansionary monetary policy, which can lead to increased investment, job creation, and economic growth, while a decrease may indicate a contractionary policy, potentially leading to economic stagnation or recession.

Net purchases of U.S treasury bonds & notes by major foreign sector. (Negative figures indicate net sales by foreigners to U.S residents or a net outflow of capital from the United States.) A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

This indicator shows the Sum of [(U.S. securities + Foreign stocks and bonds (Negative figures indicate net sales by foreigners to U.S residents or a net outflow of capital from the United States.) Minus estimated unrecorded principal repayments to foreigners on domestic corporate and agency asset-backed securities + estimated foreign acquisitions of U.S. equities through stock swaps - estimated U.S. acquisitions of foreign equities through stock swaps + increase in nonmarketable Treasury Bonds and Notes Issued to Official Institutions and Other Residents of Foreign Countries)+(monthly changes in banks' and broker/dealers' custody liabilities.)+(TIC, Change in Banks' Own Net Dollar- Denominated Liabilities)] TIC data cover most components of international financial flows, but do not include data on direct investment flows, which are collected and published by the Department of Commerce's Bureau of Economic Analysis. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

Treasury International Capital (TIC) Net Long-Term Transactions measures the difference in value between foreign long-term securities purchased by U.S. citizens and U.S. long-term securities purchased by foreign investors. Demand for domestic securities and currency demand are directly linked because foreigners must buy the domestic currency to purchase the nation's securities.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

TIC Net Long-Term Transactions number is the sum of gross purchases by foreigners from US residents minus gross sales by foreigners to US residents. The components used to calculate long term flows are US Treasury bonds and notes, US government agency bonds, US corporate bonds, US corporate stocks, foreign bonds and foreign stocks. (TIC signifies: Treasury International Capital Flows). A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the USD, while a lower than expected number as negative.

The exports number provides the total NZ dollar amount of merchandise exports.

A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the NZD, while a lower than expected number as negative.

The Imports number measures any good or service brought into one country from another country in a legitimate fashion, typically for use in trade. Import goods or services are provided to domestic consumers by foreign producers.

A lower than expected number should be taken as positive to the NZD, while a higher than expected number as negative.

The Trade Balance measures the difference in value between imported and exported goods and services over the reported period. A positive number indicates that more goods and services were exported than imported.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the NZD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the NZD.

The Trade Balance measures the difference in value between imported and exported goods and services over the reported period. A positive number indicates that more goods and services were exported than imported.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the NZD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the NZD.

The RBA Assistant Governor Jones Speaks event is an important economic calendar event for Australia. During this event, the Assistant Governor of the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) delivers a speech covering various topics related to the nation's economic and financial landscape.

Market participants, investors, and analysts closely monitor these speeches to gain insights into the RBA's outlook on the economy, monetary policy decisions, and potential changes in interest rates. The remarks made by the Assistant Governor can have significant implications for the Australian Dollar and financial markets, as they may provide hints about future policy adjustments and the overall economic trajectory of the country.

Deutsche Bundesbank President and voting member of the ECB Governing Council from Jan 2022. He's believed to be one of the most influential members of the council. ECB Governing Council members vote on where to set the Eurozone's key interest rates and their public engagements are often used to drop subtle clues regarding future monetary policy.

Credit Card Spending measures the change in the credit card spending by individuals. It is closely correlated with consumer spending and confidence.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the NZD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the NZD.

The definition for an unemployed person is: Persons (16-65 years) who were available for work (except for temporary illness) but did not work during the survey week, and who made specific efforts to find a job within the previous 4 weeks by going to an employment agency, by applying directly to an employer, by answering a job ad, or being on a union or professional register.The unemployment rate represents the number of unemployed persons expressed as a percentage of the labour force. The unemployment rate for a particular age/sex group is the number of unemployed in that group expressed as a percentage of the labour force for that group. A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR.

The public sector consists of central government, local authorities and public corporations. The net cash requirement measures the public sectors need to raisecash trough selling debt or running down its liquid financial assets. The publicsector net cash requirement equals the central government net cash requirement (including borrowing from the market for on-lending to local authorities and public corporations) plus local authorities contributions. I.e. their market andoverseas borrowing, measured net of their purchases of other public sector debt.

The Trade Balance measures the difference in value between imported and exported goods and services over the reported period. A positive number indicates that more goods and services were exported than imported.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CHF, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CHF.

Public Sector Net Borrowing measures the difference in value between spending and income for public corporations, the central government, and local governments during the previous month. A positive number indicates a budget deficit, while a negative number indicates a surplus.

M3 Money Supply measures the change in the total quantity of domestic currency in circulation and deposited in banks. An increasing supply of money leads to additional spending, which in turn leads to inflation.

The Leading Indicators Index is a composite index based on 10 economic indicators, that is designed to predict the future direction of the economy. The report tends to have a limited impact because most of the indicators used in the calculation are released previously.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CAD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CAD.

Industry is a basic category of business activity. Firms in the same industry are on the same side of the market, produce goods which are close substitutes and compete for the same customers. For statistical purposes, industries are categorized following a uniform classification code such as Standard Industrial Classification (SIC). Changes in the volume of the physical output of the nation's factories, mines and utilities are measured by the index of industrial production. The figure is calculated as a weighted aggregate of goods and reported in headlines as a percent change from previous months. It is often adjusted by season or weather conditions and thus volatile. However, it is used as a leading indicator and helps in forecasting GDP changes. Rising industrial production figures signify increasing economic growth and can positively influence the sentiment towards local currency.

Balance of payments is a set of accounts recording all economic transactions between the residents of the country and the rest of the world in a given period of time, usually one year. Payments into the country are called credits, payments out of the country are called debits. There are three main components of a balance of payments: - current account - capital account - financial account Either a surplus or a deficit can be shown in any of these components. Current account records the values of the following: - trade balance exports and imports of goods and services - income payments and expenditure interest, dividends, salaries - unilateral transfers aid, taxes, one-way gifts It shows how a country deals with the global economy on a non-investment basis. Balance of payments shows sthrengths and weaknesses in a country's economy and therefore helps to achieve balanced economic growth. The release of a balance of payments can have a significant effect on the exchange rate of a national currency against other currencies.

Producer Price Index (PPI) measures a change in the prices of goods and services, over a span of time, either as they leave their place of production or as they enter the production process. PPI measures a change in the prices received by domestic producers for their outputs or the change in the prices paid by domestic producers for their intermediate inputs.The Producer Price Index (PPI) is designed to monitor changes in prices of items at the first important commercial transactions. The PPI shows the same general pattern of inflation as does Consumer price index, but is more volatile. This is because it is weighted more heavily towards goods that are traded in highly competitive markets and somewhat less sensitive to changes in the cost of labour. In principle, the PPI should include service industries, but in practice it is limited to the domestic agricultural and industrial sector.

Producer Price Index (PPI) measures a change in the prices of goods and services, over a span of time, either as they leave their place of production or as they enter the production process. PPI measures a change in the prices received by domestic producers for their outputs or the change in the prices paid by domestic producers for their intermediate inputs.The Producer Price Index (PPI) is designed to monitor changes in prices of items at the first important commercial transactions. The PPI shows the same general pattern of inflation as does Consumer price index, but is more volatile. This is because it is weighted more heavily towards goods that are traded in highly competitive markets and somewhat less sensitive to changes in the cost of labour. In principle, the PPI should include service industries, but in practice it is limited to the domestic agricultural and industrial sector.

European Central Bank (ECB) President Christine Lagarde (November 2019 - October 2027) is to speak. As head of the ECB, which sets short term interest rates, she has a major influence over the value of the euro. Traders watch her speeches closely as they are often used to drop subtle hints regarding future monetary policy and interest rate shifts. Her comments may determine a short-term positive or negative trend.

The Hungarian National Bank Monetary Policy Committee's decision on where to set the benchmark interest rate. Traders watch interest rate changes closely as short term interest rates are the primary factor in currency valuation.

A higher than expected rate is positive/bullish for the HUF, while a lower than expected rate is negative/bearish for the HUF.

Measures the weighted-average price of 9 dairy products sold at auction every 2 weeks. It is viewed as a leading indicator of New Zealand's trade balance because rising commodity prices boost export income. The dairy industry is New Zealand's biggest export earner, accounting for more than 29% by value of the country's exports.

Measures the weighted-average price of 9 dairy products sold at auction every 2 weeks. It is viewed as a leading indicator of New Zealand's trade balance because rising commodity prices boost export income. The dairy industry is New Zealand's biggest export earner, accounting for more than 29% by value of the country's exports.

Change in the price of goods and services, purchased by consumers, which have similar price variations over time.

The Core Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the changes in the price of goods and services, excluding food and energy. The CPI measures price change from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CAD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CAD.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer excluding foos and energy, wom prices tend to be very volatile. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

The impact on the currency may go both ways, a rise in CPI may lead to a rise in interest rates and a rise in local currency, on the other hand, during recession, a rise in CPI may lead to a deepened recession and therefore a fall in local currency.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CAD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CAD.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CAD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CAD.

Change in the median price of goods and services purchased by consumers.

Change in the price of goods and services purchased by consumers, excluding the most volatile 40% of items.

The Redbook Index is a sales-weighted of year-over-year same-store sales growth in a sample of large US general merchandise retailers representing about 9,000 stores. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the USD, while a lower than expected number as negative.

Exports free on board (f.o.b.) and Imports cost insurance freight (c.i.f.) are, in general, customs statistics reported under the general trade statistics according to the recommendations of the UN International Trade Statistics. For some countries Imports are reported as f.o.b. instead of c.i.f. which is generally accepted. When reporting Imports as f.o.b. you will have the effect of reducing the value of Imports by the amount of the cost of insurance and freight.

Trade balance, called also net export, is the difference between the value of country's exports and imports, over a period of time. A positive balance (trade surplus) means that exports exceed imports, a negative one means the opposite. Positive trade balance illustrates high competitiveness of country's economy. This strengthens investors' interest in the local currency, appreciating its exchange rate. Exports free on board (f.o.b.) and Imports cost insurance freight (c.i.f.) are, in general, customs statistics reported under the general trade statistics according to the recommendations of the UN International Trade Statistics. For some countries Imports are reported as f.o.b. instead of c.i.f. which is generally accepted. When reporting Imports as f.o.b. you will have the effect of reducing the value of Imports by the amount of the cost of insurance and freight.

The Fed Waller Speaks event is an important occasion in the economic calendar of the United States, as it features a speech by Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis President, Christopher J. Waller. Appointed to this prestigious position in 2020, Waller plays a significant role in shaping U.S. monetary policy as a voting member of the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC).

During this event, financial analysts, market participants, and journalists keenly observe Waller's remarks, searching for cues on the Fed's monetary policy stance, economic outlook, and other factors that may influence markets, interest rates, and the U.S. dollar. Consequently, his speeches can generate volatility in financial markets, with traders adjusting their strategies based on any new insights revealed.

It is important for investors to keep an eye on the Fed Waller Speaks event, as it can offer valuable information about the future direction of monetary policy, helping them make informed decisions and better anticipate market reactions.

The American Petroleum Institute reports inventory levels of US crude oil, gasoline and distillates stocks. The figure shows how much oil and product is available in storage.The indicator gives an overview of US petroleum demand.

If the increase in crude inventories is more than expected, it implies weaker demand and is bearish for crude prices. The same can be said if a decline in inventories is less than expected.

If the increase in crude is less than expected, it implies greater demand and is bullish for crude prices. The same can be said if a decline in inventories is more than expected.

The Producer Price Index (PPI) is designed to monitor changes in prices of items at the first important commercial transactions. The PPI shows the same general pattern of inflation as does Consumer price index, but is more volatile. This is because it is weighted more heavily towards goods that are traded in highly competitive markets and somewhat less sensitive to changes in the cost of labour. In principle, the PPI should include service industries. But in practice it is limited to the domestic agricultural and industrial sector. The prices should be farm-gate prices for the agricultural sector and ex-factory prices for the industrial sector. The PPI is worth watching as a leading indicator of inflation at the consumer level. Price changes at the wholesale level take time to work their way through to the retail store. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the KRW , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the KRW.

The Producer Price Index (PPI) is designed to monitor changes in prices of items at the first important commercial transactions. The PPI shows the same general pattern of inflation as does Consumer price index, but is more volatile. This is because it is weighted more heavily towards goods that are traded in highly competitive markets and somewhat less sensitive to changes in the cost of labour. In principle, the PPI should include service industries. But in practice it is limited to the domestic agricultural and industrial sector. The prices should be farm-gate prices for the agricultural sector and ex-factory prices for the industrial sector. The PPI is worth watching as a leading indicator of inflation at the consumer level. Price changes at the wholesale level take time to work their way through to the retail store. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the KRW , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the KRW.

Deutsche Bundesbank President and voting member of the ECB Governing Council from Jan 2022. He's believed to be one of the most influential members of the council. ECB Governing Council members vote on where to set the Eurozone's key interest rates and their public engagements are often used to drop subtle clues regarding future monetary policy.

 This Exports number provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise exports on an f.o.b. (free on board) basis.. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the JPY, while a lower than expected number as negative

An import is any good or service brought into one country from another country in a legitimate fashion, typically for use in trade. Import goods or services are provided to domestic consumers by foreign producers. A lower than expected number should be taken as positive to the JPY while a higher than expected number as negative

The Trade Balance measures the difference in value between imported and exported goods and services over the reported period. A positive number indicates that more goods and services were exported than imported. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the JPY , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the JPY Anyways.

The Trade Balance measures the difference in value between imported and exported goods and services over the reported period. A positive number indicates that more goods and services were exported than imported.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the JPY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the JPY.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

The impact on the currency may go both ways, a rise in CPI may lead to a rise in interest rates and a rise in local currency, on the other hand, during recession, a rise in CPI may lead to a deepened recession and therefore a fall in local currency.

The Core Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a key measure of the inflation trend in the UK economy, and it's released by the Office for National Statistics. Unlike the standard CPI measure, the Core CPI excludes more volatile items, such as food, energy, alcohol and tobacco, in order to provide a more accurate picture of the underlying inflationary trend. This data is of high importance to market participants, because the CPI and its components influence many areas of economic policy, including interest rate decisions by the Bank of England. If the Core CPI increases at a faster rate than expected, it could signal higher inflationary pressures, potentially leading to policy rate increases and subsequently impacting the value of the pound and UK assets.

The Core Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the changes in the price of goods and services, excluding food and energy. The CPI measures price change from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

The Retail Price Index was first calculated for June 1947 and was the principal official measure of inflation in the UK before the start of the CPI figure.The core RPI excludes mortgage payments, therefore its difference from CPI is minor, but exists. The impact on the currency may go both ways, a rise in inflation may lead to a rise in interest rates and a rise in local currency, on the other hand, during recession, a rise in CPI may lead to a deepened recession and therefore a fall in local currency.

The Retail Price Index was first calculated for June 1947 and was the principal official measure of inflation in the UK before the start of the CPI figure.The core RPI excludes mortgage payments, therefore its difference from CPI is minor, but exists. The impact on the currency may go both ways, a rise in inflation may lead to a rise in interest rates and a rise in local currency, on the other hand, during recession, a rise in CPI may lead to a deepened recession and therefore a fall in local currency.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI, n.s.a) is an essential economic calendar event for the United Kingdom, providing critical information about the country's inflation status. The CPI measures the change in the prices of a specific basket of goods and services purchased by households over a particular time period. This economic indicator is a vital tool for evaluating the cost of living and purchasing power of consumers across the nation.

As a non-seasonally adjusted (n.s.a) figure, the CPI does not account for seasonal fluctuations in prices, such as holiday periods or seasonal changes in product demand. This allows for a more accurate reflection of current price trends, aiding policymakers and investors in making well-informed financial decisions. A higher-than-expected CPI reading may indicate increasing inflation, potentially leading to higher interest rates and a strengthening currency. Conversely, a lower-than-expected reading may point to a weakening currency and lower interest rates, as policymakers address the potential threat of deflation.

The Retail Price Index was first calculated for June 1947 and was the principal official measure of inflation in the UK before the start of the CPI figure. The main difference is that RPI includes mortgage interest payments as opposed to CPI which doesn't. . The impact on the currency may go both ways, a rise in inflation may lead to a rise in interest rates and a rise in local currency, on the other hand, during recession, a rise in CPI may lead to a deepened recession and therefore a fall in local currency.

The Retail Price Index (RPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services purchased by consumers for the purpose of consumption. RPI differs from Consumer Price Inflation (CPI) in that it only measures goods and services bought for the purpose of consumption by the vast majority of households and includes housing costs, which are excluded from CPI.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

The Producer Price Index (PPI) measures average changes in prices received by domestic producers for their output. It is a leading indicator of consumer price inflation, which accounts for the majority of overall inflation. Usually a rise in PPI will lead in a short time to a rise in CPI and therefore to a rising interest rates and rising currency. during recession, the producers are not able to roll over the rising cost of material to the consumer, so a rise in PPI will not be rolled over to the consumer but will lower the profitablility of the producer and will deepen the recession, that will lead to a fall in local currency.

The Producer Price Index (PPI) measures average changes in prices received by domestic producers for their output. It is a leading indicator of consumer price inflation, which accounts for the majority of overall inflation. Usually a rise in PPI will lead in a short time to a rise in CPI and therefore to a rising interest rates and rising currency. during recession, the producers are not able to roll over the rising cost of material to the consumer, so a rise in PPI will not be rolled over to the consumer but will lower the profitablility of the producer and will deepen the recession, that will lead to a fall in local currency.

Producer Price Index (PPI) Input measures the change in the price of goods and raw materials purchased by manufacturers. The index is a leading indicator of consumer price inflation.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

Producer Price Index (PPI) Input measures the change in the price of goods and raw materials purchased by manufacturers. The index is a leading indicator of consumer price inflation.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

Producer Price Index (PPI) Output measures the change in the price of goods sold by manufacturers.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

Producer Price Index (PPI) Output measures the change in the price of goods sold by manufacturers.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

Consumer Prices Index, including owner occupiers’ housing costs (CPIH) is a lead inflation index; it is the most comprehensive measure of UK as it includes owner occupiers’ housing costs and Council Tax, which are excluded from the CPI.

The unemployment rate represents the number of unemployed persons expressed as a percentage of the labour force. The unemployment rate for a particular age/sex group is the number of unemployed in that group expressed as a percentage of the labour force for that group. A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the HUF, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the HUF.

The Deposit Facility Rate is a key monetary policy tool used by the central bank of Indonesia, Bank Indonesia, to control the money supply in the economy. This economic calendar event involves the announcement of the interest rate paid by the central bank to commercial banks for their overnight deposits.

Commercial banks deposit their excess reserves with Bank Indonesia, and they are compensated with an interest known as the Deposit Facility Rate. When the rate is adjusted higher, it incentivizes banks to place more of their excess reserves with the central bank, thus reducing the amount of money available in the economy. Conversely, when the rate is lowered, it discourages banks from depositing excess funds and encourages them to lend more, which stimulates economic activity.

Market participants closely monitor changes in the Deposit Facility Rate since the interest rate decisions can significantly impact the Indonesian Rupiah's exchange rate, inflation, and overall economic growth. Changes in the deposit facility rate can also influence the direction of other short-term interest rates in the country, which then impacts borrowing costs for both businesses and consumers.

The Lending Facility Rate event is an important economic calendar indicator in Indonesia that reflects the central bank's policy rate. The rate is set by the Bank of Indonesia and effectively represents the interest rate charged to commercial banks for borrowing funds from the central bank.

Decisions on the lending facility rate are determined after a careful analysis of various factors, including inflation, overall economic growth, and global market conditions. Financial institutions, investors, and businesses closely monitor this rate, as changes can significantly impact the economy.

A higher lending facility rate can lead to increased borrowing costs for commercial banks, which, in turn, can reduce the availability of credit for businesses and consumers, slowing down economic growth. Conversely, a lower rate can stimulate economic activity by making borrowing less expensive, thereby encouraging investment and spending.

The terms of a standardized loan are formally presented (usually in writing) to each party in the transaction before any money or property changes hands. If a lender requires any collateral, this will be stipulated in the loan documents as well. Most loans also have legal stipulations regarding the maximum amount of interest that can be charged, as well as other covenants such as the length of time before repayment is required. Loans can come from individuals, corporations, financial institutions and governments. They are a way to grow the overall money supply in an economy as well as open up competition, introduce new products and expand business operations. Loans are a primary source of revenue for many financial institutions such as banks, as well as some retailers through the use of credit facilities.

The Monetary Policy Committee votes on where to set the overnight interest rate. Traders watch interest rate changes closely as short term interest rates are the primary factor in currency valuation.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the IDR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the IDR.

Retail sales data represents total consumer purchase from retail stores. It provides valuable information about consumer spending which makes up the consumption part of GDP. The most volatile components like autos, gas prices and food prices are often removed from the report to show more underlying demand patterns as changes in sales in these categories are frequently a result of price changes. It is not adjusted for inflation. Spending on services is not included. Rising retail sales indicate stronger economic growth. However, if the increase is larger than forecast, it may be inflationary. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the PLN , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the PLN.

The Core Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the changes in the price of goods and services, excluding food and energy. The CPI measures price change from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the ZAR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the ZAR.

The Core Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the changes in the price of goods and services, excluding food and energy. The CPI measures price change from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the ZAR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the ZAR.

The Consumers Price Index (CPI) measures the rate of price change of goods and services purchased by households. It measures changes in the average level of prices over a period of time. In other words, prices indicator of what is happening to prices, consumers are paying for items purchased. With a given starting point or base period which is usually taken as 100, the CPI can be used to compare current period consumer prices with those in the base period. Consumer Price index is the most frequently used indicator of and reflect changes in the cost of acquiring a fixed basket of goods and services by the average consumer. The weights are usually derived from household expenditure surveys. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the ZAR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the ZAR.

The Consumers Price Index (CPI) measures the rate of price change of goods and services purchased by households. It measures changes in the average level of prices over a period of time. In other words, prices indicator of what is happening to prices, consumers are paying for items purchased. With a given starting point or base period which is usually taken as 100, the CPI can be used to compare current period consumer prices with those in the base period. Consumer Price index is the most frequently used indicator of and reflect changes in the cost of acquiring a fixed basket of goods and services by the average consumer. The weights are usually derived from household expenditure surveys. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the ZAR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the ZAR.

Consumer Confidence measures the level of consumer confidence in economic activity. It is a leading indicator as it can predict consumer spending, which plays a major role in overall economic activity. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Producer Price Inflation (PPI) is a significant economic event for Ghana that measures the average changes in prices received by domestic producers for their output on the wholesale level. It serves as a key indicator of inflationary trends in the manufacturing sector, influencing monetary policy decisions.

The Ghana Statistical Service releases the index monthly, tracking the changes in PPI among three main industry groups: mining and quarrying, manufacturing, and utilities. An increase in PPI often signifies inflationary pressures, which could lead to increased costs for consumers, while a decrease may indicate deflation and declining economic activity. Thus, this data is keenly observed by market analysts, investors, and policymakers.

Fixed 30-year mortgage lending rates for 80% loan-to-value mortgage (source by MBA).

Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA) Mortgage Applications measures the change in the number of new applications for mortgages backed by the MBA during the reported week.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

MBA - Mortgage Bankers Association of America. The Purchase Index includes all mortgages applications for the purchase of a single-family home. It covers the entire market, both conventional and government loans, and all products. The Purchase Index has proven to be a reliable indicator of impending home sales.

MBA - Mortgage Bankers Association of America. The Market Index covers all mortgage applications during the week. This includes all conventional and government applications, all fixed-rate mortgages (FRMs), all adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs), whether for a purchase or to refinance.

MBA - Mortgage Bankers Association of America. The Refinance Index covers all mortgage applications to refinance an existing mortgage. It is the best overall gauge of mortgage refinancing activity. The Refinance Index includes conventional and government refinances, regardless of product (FRM or ARM) or coupon rate refinanced into or out of. Seasonal factors are less significant in refinances than in home sales, however holiday effects are considerable.

The Economic Activity Index provides an early estimate for real gross domestic (GDP) performance in Mexico.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the MXN, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the MXN.

The Economic Activity Index provides an early estimate for real gross domestic (GDP) performance in Mexico.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the MXN, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the MXN.

Money Supply is the aggregate amount of monetary assets available in a country at a specific time. According to the Financial Times, Money Supply M0 and M1, also known as narrow money, includes coins and notes in circulation and other assets that are easily convertible into cash. Money Supply M2 includes M1 plus short-term time deposits in banks. Money Supply M3 includes M2 plus longer-term time deposits. A higher than expected number should be taken as negative to the PLN, while a higher than expected number as negative

European Central Bank (ECB) President Christine Lagarde (November 2019 - October 2027) is to speak. As head of the ECB, which sets short term interest rates, she has a major influence over the value of the euro. Traders watch her speeches closely as they are often used to drop subtle hints regarding future monetary policy and interest rate shifts. Her comments may determine a short-term positive or negative trend.

The Energy Information Administration's (EIA) Crude Oil Inventories measures the weekly change in the number of barrels of commercial crude oil held by US firms. The level of inventories influences the price of petroleum products, which can have an impact on inflation.

If the increase in crude inventories is more than expected, it implies weaker demand and is bearish for crude prices. The same can be said if a decline in inventories is less than expected.

If the increase in crude is less than expected, it implies greater demand and is bullish for crude prices. The same can be said if a decline in inventories is more than expected.

The EIA Refinery Crude Runs is an economic calendar event that focuses on the weekly report provided by the United States Energy Information Administration (EIA). This report features data on the total volume of crude oil processed within American refineries, also known as crude runs.

An increase in refinery crude runs could indicate higher demand for crude oil, which in turn corresponds to strong economic growth. On the other hand, a decrease in refinery crude runs may signal a possible decline in demand for crude oil or refining capacity, reflecting weakening economic activity. As a result, industry participants and market analysts pay close attention to this data, as it can significantly impact the crude oil market and provide insights into the overall health of the US economy.

Crude Oil Imports is an economic calendar event that highlights the change in the volume of imported crude oil into the United States. This information provides valuable insights into the overall health of the US energy sector and the nation's reliance on foreign oil supplies.

A positive change in the volume of crude oil imports indicates an increasing demand for oil, which could be driven by factors such as economic growth and rising industrial activity. Conversely, a decrease in crude oil imports may suggest a decline in demand or an increase in domestic oil production. This data can have a significant impact on the oil market and the value of the US dollar, as well as influencing the decisions of policymakers and investors.

Crude Oil Imports is typically monitored by energy market participants, economists, and policymakers, as it can provide useful insights into the dynamics of the energy market and potential shifts in global market trends. The data is released by the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) on a weekly basis, and it is widely regarded as a key indicator of the US energy market's performance.

Change in the number of barrels of crude oil held in storage at the Cushing, Oklahoma during the past week. Storage levels at Cushing are important because it serves as the delivery point for the U.S. crude oil benchmark, West Texas Intermediate.

Distillate Fuel Production is an important economic indicator that provides insight into the overall energy production and demand in the United States. Distillate fuels, such as diesel and heating oil, are commonly used for a variety of purposes, including transportation, heating, and industrial processes. This data is closely monitored by both investors and policymakers as a measure of the health of the energy sector and the overall economy.

Increased distillate fuel production can result from rising demand due to economic growth, seasonal factors, or changes in energy policies. Conversely, decreased production can reflect weakening demand or supply disruptions. This indicator's fluctuations may impact the prices of distillate fuels, which in turn can affect consumer spending, inflation, and trade balances.

Distillate Fuel Production figures are typically released on a weekly basis by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), providing updated and relevant data for traders, investors, and businesses alike. Understanding the trends and patterns in this data can help inform decision-making processes and investment strategies.

The Energy Information Administration reports inventory levels of US crude oil, gasoline and distillates stocks. The figure shows how much oil and product is available in storage. The indicator gives an overview of US petroleum demand.

Gasoline Production is a significant economic calendar event that pertains to the United States. It indicates the volume of gasoline manufactured domestically on a weekly basis. The data is collected and published by the Energy Information Administration (EIA).

As gasoline is a key component in fueling the transportation sector, its production levels have a notable impact on energy prices, supply chains, and consequently, the overall economy. When gasoline production increases, it reflects positively on the industrial sector's performance and serves as an indicator of economic growth.

However, high gasoline production levels may also lead to an oversupply in the market, causing prices to drop. Investors and analysts track the Gasoline Production report to make informed decisions regarding the energy and transportation sectors' performance and predict the potential implications on the general economy.

Heating Oil Stockpiles is an economic calendar event that provides insights into the United States' current inventory levels of distillate fuel oil, which is primarily used for home heating purposes. These stockpiles are essentially reserves of heating oil that are stored, produced, and supplied to meet the country's demand during cold months and fluctuating market conditions.

Tracking heating oil stockpile trends can help investors gauge the overall health of the energy market and anticipate potential price fluctuations in heating oil. Significant changes in the stockpile levels may indicate disparities between supply and demand for the commodity, thus affecting its market price. These data can also provide valuable information about the performance and stability of refining companies, distributors, and other businesses within the oil and gas industry.

This economic calendar event is typically released by the United States Energy Information Administration (EIA) on a weekly basis. Investors, traders, and analysts closely monitor these data to formulate strategies and make informed decisions in the energy markets.

The EIA Weekly Refinery Utilization Rates is an important economic calendar event that provides valuable insights into the weekly performance of refineries in the United States. The Energy Information Administration (EIA) releases this report to measure the percentage of available refining capacity that is being utilized by refineries during the specified period.

These utilization rates are critical for market participants, policymakers, and analysts as they offer a clear picture of the state of the refinery sector. Changes in refinery utilization rates may indicate shifts in the overall energy market, including the demand and supply dynamics for crude oil, gasoline, and other petroleum products. Should the rates rise, it may signal increasing demand for fuel or strong economic activity, while declining rates can be a sign of weakening demand or economic slowdown.

Investors, traders and businesses typically use this information to help them make decisions and predictions about the energy market, oil prices, and the overall performance of the economy. Hence, the EIA Weekly Refinery Utilization Rates constitutes a highly significant economic calendar event for the United States.

Gasoline Inventories measures the change in the number of barrels of commercial gasoline held in inventory by commercial firms during the reported week. The data influences the price of gasoline products which affects inflation.

The data has no consistent effect, there are both inflationary and growth implications.

The Russian Industrial Production measures the change in the total outputs of the Russian factories, mines, and utilities. It gives us a good indicator of strength in the manufacturing sector. It can be a leading indicator of manufacturing employment, average earnings, and personal income.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the RUB, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the RUB.

The Producer Price Index (PPI) measures average changes in prices received by domestic producers for their output. It is a leading indicator of consumer price inflation, which accounts for the majority of overall inflation. Usually a rise in PPI will lead in a short time to a rise in CPI and therefore to a rising interest rates and rising currency. during recession, the producers are not able to roll over the rising cost of material to the consumer, so a rise in PPI will not be rolled over to the consumer but will lower the profitablility of the producer and will deepen the recession, that will lead to a fall in local currency.

The Producer Price Index (PPI) measures average changes in prices received by domestic producers for their output. It is a leading indicator of consumer price inflation, which accounts for the majority of overall inflation. Usually a rise in PPI will lead in a short time to a rise in CPI and therefore to a rising interest rates and rising currency. during recession, the producers are not able to roll over the rising cost of material to the consumer, so a rise in PPI will not be rolled over to the consumer but will lower the profitablility of the producer and will deepen the recession, that will lead to a fall in local currency.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the yield on the Treasury Bond auctioned. U.S. Treasury Bonds have maturities from ten up to 30 years. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital. The rate on a Treasury Bond represents the return an investor will receive by holding the bond for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid. Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

The indicator shows the amount of capital flows that is directed to the country by foreign investors. Capital flows are essential for developing and emerging markets. They contribute to enhancing investments and financing current account deficits. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the BRL , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the BRL.

The Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INDEC) Economy Activity Index provides an early estimate for real gross domestic (GDP) performance in Argentina.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the ARS, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the ARS.

Bank of England(BOE) Senior Deputy Governor (July 2016 - June 2021) Sam Woods is to speak. BOE Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) members are responsible for setting the benchmark interest rate and their speeches often contain indications on the future possible direction of monetary policy. His comments may determine a short-term positive or negative trend.

Foreign Bonds Buying number measures the flow from the public sector excluding Bank of Japan. The Net data shows the difference of capital inflow and outflow. A positive difference indicates net sales of foreign securities by residents (capital inflow), and a negative difference indicates net purchases of foreign securities by residents (capital outflow). A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the JPY, while a lower than expected number as negative.

Balance of payments is a set of accounts recording all economic transactions between the residents of the country and the rest of the world in a given period of time, usually one year. Payments into the country are called credits, payments out of the country are called debits. There are three main components of a balance of payments: - current account - capital account - financial account Either a surplus or a deficit can be shown in any of these components. Balance of payments shows strenghts and weaknesses in a country's economy and therefore helps to achieve balanced economic growth. The release of a balance of payments can have a significant effect on the exchange rate of a national currency against other currencies. It is also important to investors of domestic companies that depend on exports. Securities investment, contract basis. Securities investment refers to flows from the public sector excluding Bank of Japan. Bonds include beneficiary certificates but exclude all bills. The Net data shows the difference of capital inflow and outflow.

The Reserve Bank of Australia's (RBA) Bulletin contains articles, speeches and statistical tables and gives a detailed insight into current and future economic conditions from the bank's point of view.

The National Australia Bank (NAB) Quarterly Business Confidence Index measures the change in the level of consumer confidence in economic activity. On the index, a level above zero indicates improving conditions, below indicates worsening conditions. The data is compiled from a survey of about 350 businesses which asks respondents to rate the relative level of past and future economic conditions.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the AUD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the AUD.

The Bank of Korea (BOK) Monetary Policy Committee's decision on where to set the benchmark interest rate. Traders watch interest rate changes closely as short term interest rates are the primary factor in currency valuation.

A higher than expected rate is positive/bullish for the KRW, while a lower than expected rate is negative/bearish for the KRW.

A monetary policy is generally the process through which a central bank with a sole right to issue its own currency (legal tender or monetary base) maintains the value of that currency, that is, price, and achieves sustainable economic growth by managing the amount of money (monetary base and money created in the banking system) in circulation, and price (interest rate) in the economy. Bank of Korea Act stipulates that the purpose of this Act is “to contribute to the sound development of the national economy by pursuing price stability through the formulation and implementation of efficient monetary policy”. Accordingly, the Bank of Korea takes price stability as the most important objective of its monetary policy. If prices become unstable, uncertainty concerning the future mounts, discouraging economic activities as a whole, and the distribution of income and resources grows distorted. As a result, the stabilityin economic conditions as a whole is damaged. In order for the national economy to achieve stable growth, it should be supported by not only price stability but also financial stability. Regarding this, Article 1, Clause 2 of the「Bank of Korea Act」 stipulates that “The Bank of Korea needs to pay attention to financial stability in the implementation of monetary policy”. Thus, the Bank of Korea is also making policy efforts to maintain financial stability while pursuing price stability through implementing its monetary policy.

Monetary aggregates, known also as "money supply", is the quantity of currency available within the economy to purchase goods and services. Depending on the degree of liquidity chosen to define an asset as money, various monetary aggregates are distinguished: M0, M1, M2, M3, M4, etc. Not all of them are used by every country. Note that methodology of calculating money supply varies between countries. M2 is a monetary aggregate that includes all physical currency circulating in the economy (banknotes and coins), operational deposits in central bank, money in current accounts, saving accounts, money market deposits and small certificates of deposit. Excess money supply growth potentially can cause inflation and generate fears that the government may tighten money growth by allowing the interest rates to rise which in turn, lowers future prices. M2 = Currency in circulation + demand deposits (private sector) + time and savings deposits (private sector).

Consumer Confidence measures the level of consumer confidence in economic activity. It is a leading indicator as it can predict consumer spending, which plays a major role in overall economic activity. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Core Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a significant economic calendar event in Singapore as it measures the changes in the price of goods and services, excluding the more volatile components such as food, energy, alcohol, and tobacco. This data gives a clearer picture of the underlying inflationary trends in the country.

The Core CPI is closely monitored by policymakers and economists because it plays a critical role in determining the monetary policies set by the Central Bank. A steady growth rate in Core CPI can influence the Central Bank to raise interest rates in order to curb excessive inflation, which can impact consumer spending, investments, and overall economic growth.

Investors and market participants also pay attention to this event, as it can offer insights into possible future interest rate decisions and the overall health of the Singaporean economy. A higher-than-expected Core CPI reading can be viewed as positive for the currency, while a lower-than-expected reading may be seen as negative.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

The impact on the currency may go both ways, a rise in CPI may lead to a rise in interest rates and a rise in local currency, on the other hand, during recession, a rise in CPI may lead to a deepened recession and therefore a fall in local currency.

The deficit or surplus is defined as revenue (plus grants received) less expenditure (less lending minus repayments). Surplus refers to the excess of total government revenues over total expenditures while deficit refers to the excess of total government expenditures over total revenues.

Consumer Confidence measures the level of consumer confidence in economic activity. It is a leading indicator as it can predict consumer spending, which plays a major role in overall economic activity. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the DKK , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the DKK.

LFS- Labour Force Survey. Three-months moving average. Employed persons are persons aged 16-74 who performed work for pay or profit for at least one hour in the survey week, or who were temporarily absent from work because of illness,holidays etc. Conscripts are classified as employed persons. Persons engaged by government measures to promote employment are also included if they receive wages. Unemployed persons are persons who were not employed in the survey week,but who had been seeking work during the preceding four weeks, and were available for work within the next two weeks. Persons in the labour force are either employed or unemployed. The remaining group of persons is labelled not in the labour force. Unemployed persons and persons not in the labour force constitute the group non-employed persons. A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the NOK , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the NOK.

Changes in the volume of the physical output of the nation's factories, minesand utilities are measured by the index of industrial production. The figure is calculated as a weighted aggregate of goods and reported in headlines as a percent change from previous months. It is often adjusted by season or weather conditions and thus volatile. However, it is used as a leading indicator and helps in forecasting GDP changes. Rising industrial production figures signify increasing economic growth and can positively influence the sentiment towards local currency.

Changes in the volume of the physical output of the nation's factories, minesand utilities are measured by the index of industrial production. The figure is calculated as a weighted aggregate of goods and reported in headlines as a percent change from previous months. It is often adjusted by season or weather conditions and thus volatile. However, it is used as a leading indicator and helps in forecasting GDP changes. Rising industrial production figures signify increasing economic growth and can positively influence the sentiment towards local currency.

The Business Survey measures industrial activity in France, the world’s fourth largest economy. The data is compiled from a survey of around 4,000 French business leaders from a broad range of sectors.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Confidence indicator is a measure of the mood of consumers or businesses. It is usually based on a survey during which respondents rate their opinion on different issues concerning current and future conditions. There are many kinds of confidence indicators as institutions measuring them use different questions,sizes of samples or frequency of publications. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the TRY , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the TRY.

FX Reserves measures the foreign assets held or controlled by the country's central bank. The reserves are made of gold or a specific currency. They can also be special drawing rights and marketable securities denominated in foreign currencies like treasury bills, government bonds, corporate bonds and equities and foreign currency loans.

A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the MYR, while a lower than expected number as negative.

Industrial Production measures the change in the total inflation-adjusted value of output produced by manufacturers, mines, and utilities.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the TWD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the TWD.

The unemployment rate represents the number of unemployed persons expressed as a percentage of the labour force. The unemployment rate for a particular age/sex group is the number of unemployed in that group expressed as a percentage of the labour force for that group. The Central Statistical Office, GUS, revised its jobless figures starting in December 2003, after a national census showed a drop in the number of people employed in agriculture. A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the PLN , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the PLN.

The Trade Balance index measures the difference in worth between exported and imported goods (exports minus imports). This is the largest component of a country's balance of payments.

Export data can give reflection on Spain's growth. Imports provide an indication of domestic demand. Because foreigners must buy the domestic currency to pay for the nation's exports, it may have sizable affect on the EUR.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

M3 Money Supply measures the change in the total quantity of domestic currency in circulation and deposited in banks. An increasing supply of money leads to additional spending, which in turn leads to inflation.

Monetary aggregates, known also as "money supply", is the quantity of currency available within the economy to purchase goods and services. Depending on the degree of liquidity chosen to define an asset as money, various monetary aggregates are distinguished: M0, M1, M2, M3, M4, etc. Not all of them are used by every country. Note that methodology of calculating money supply varies between countries. M2 is a monetary aggregate that includes all physical currency circulating in the economy (banknotes and coins), operational deposits in central bank, money in current accounts, saving accounts, money market deposits and small certificates of deposit. Excess money supply growth potentially can cause inflation and generate fears that the government may tighten money growth by allowing the interest rates to rise which in turn, lowers future prices. M2 = Currency in circulation + demand deposits (private sector) + time and savings deposits (private sector).

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends and

The Confederation of British Industry (CBI) Industrial Trends Orders measures the economic expectations of the manufacturing executives in the U.K. It is a leading indicator of business conditions. A level above zero indicates order volume is expected to increase; a level below zero indicates expectations are for lower volumes. The reading is compiled from a survey of about 550 manufacturers.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

The Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey's (CBRT) Monetary Policy Committee votes on where to set the overnight interest rate. Traders watch interest rate changes closely as short term interest rates are the primary factor in currency valuation.

A higher than expected rate is positive/bullish for the TRY, while a lower than expected rate is negative/bearish for the TRY.

The overnight rate is the rate at which large banks borrow and lend from one another in the overnight market. The overnight rate is the lowest available interest rate, and as such, it is only available to the most creditworthy institutions.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the TRY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the TRY.

The overnight rate is the rate at which large banks borrow and lend from one another in the overnight market. The overnight rate is the lowest available interest rate, and as such, it is only available to the most creditworthy institutions.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the TRY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the TRY.

FX Reserves measures the foreign assets held or controlled by the country's central bank. The reserves are made of gold or a specific currency. They can also be special drawing rights and marketable securities denominated in foreign currencies like treasury bills, government bonds, corporate bonds and equities and foreign currency loans.

FX Reserves measures the foreign assets held or controlled by the country's central bank. The reserves are made of gold or a specific currency. They can also be special drawing rights and marketable securities denominated in foreign currencies like treasury bills, government bonds, corporate bonds and equities and foreign currency loans.

The consumer price index (CPI) is a measure of change in the general level of prices of goods and services bought by households over a specified period of time. It compares a household's cost for a specific basket of finished goods and services with the cost of the same basket during an earlier benchmark period. The consumer price index is used as a measurement of and is a key economic figure. Likely impact: 1) Interest Rates: Larger-than-expected quarterly increase in price inflation or increasing trend is considered inflationary; this will cause bond prices to drop and yields and interest rates to rise. 2) Stock Prices: Higher than expected price inflation is bearish on the stock market as higher inflation will lead to higher interest rates. 3) Exchange Rates: High inflation has an uncertain effect. It would lead to depreciation as higher prices mean lower competitiveness. Conversely, higher inflation causes higher interest rates and a tighter monetary policy that leads to an appreciation.

The consumer price index (CPI) is a measure of change in the general level of prices of goods and services bought by households over a specified period of time. It compares a household's cost for a specific basket of finished goods and services with the cost of the same basket during an earlier benchmark period. The consumer price index is used as a measurement of and is a key economic figure. Likely impact: 1) Interest Rates: Larger-than-expected quarterly increase in price inflation or increasing trend is considered inflationary; this will cause bond prices to drop and yields and interest rates to rise. 2) Stock Prices: Higher than expected price inflation is bearish on the stock market as higher inflation will lead to higher interest rates. 3) Exchange Rates: High inflation has an uncertain effect. It would lead to depreciation as higher prices mean lower competitiveness. Conversely, higher inflation causes higher interest rates and a tighter monetary policy that leads to an appreciation.

Retail Sales measure the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the MXN, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the MXN.

Retail Sales measure the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the MXN, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the MXN.

The National Monetary Council (CMN) meets once a month and is responsible for issuing guidelines for the National Financial System. CMN sets Brazilian inflation targets and formulates monetary and credit policies aiming at preservation of Brazilian monetary stability, among others.

A monthly report by the Chicago Federal Reserve Bank that tracks economic activity in the 7th district, which is comprised of Indiana, Iowa, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin. The index is useful in tracking economic growth and identifying potential inflation.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

Core Retail Sales measures the change in the total value of sales at the retail level in Canada, excluding automobiles. It is an important indicator of consumer spending and is also considered a pace indicator for the Canadian economy.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CAD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CAD.

Retail Sales measure the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CAD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CAD.

Continuing Jobless Claims measures the number of unemployed individuals who qualify for benefits under unemployment insurance.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD.

Initial Jobless Claims measures the number of individuals who filed for unemployment insurance for the first time during the past week. This is the earliest U.S. economic data, but the market impact varies from week to week.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD.

Initial Jobless Claims measures the number of individuals who filed for unemployment insurance for the first time during the past week.

As the week to week numbers might be very volatile, the four week moving average smooths the weekly data and used for the initial jobless claims metric A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD.

 Foreign Exchange Reserves are the foreign assets held or controlled by the country central bank. The reserves are made of gold or a specific currency. They can also be special drawing rights and marketable securities denominated in foreign currencies like treasury bills, government bonds, corporate bonds and equities and foreign currency loans. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the RUB, while a lower than expected number as negative

Existing Home Sales measures the change in the annualized number of existing residential buildings that were sold during the previous month. This report helps to gauge the strength of the U.S. housing market and is a key indicator of overall economic strength.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

Existing Home Sales measures the change in the number of existing (not new) residential buildings that were sold during the previous month. This report helps to gauge the strength of the U.S. housing market and is a key indicator of overall economic strength.

A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the USD, while a lower than expected number as negative

Consumer Confidence measures the level of consumer confidence in economic activity. It is a leading indicator as it can predict consumer spending, which plays a major role in overall economic activity. The reading is compiled from a survey of about 2,300 consumers in the euro zone which asks respondents to evaluate future economic prospects. Higher readings point to higher consumer optimism.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Energy Information Administration (EIA) Natural Gas Storage report measures the change in the number of cubic feet of natural gas held in underground storage during the past week.

While this is a U.S. indicator it tends to have a greater impact on the Canadian dollar, due to Canada's sizable energy sector.

If the increase in natural gas inventories is more than expected, it implies weaker demand and is bearish for natural gas prices. The same can be said if a decline in inventories is less than expected.

If the increase in natural gas is less than expected, it implies greater demand and is bullish for natural gas prices. The same can be said if a decline in inventories is more than expected.

The Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City quarterly Survey of Manufacturers provides information on current manufacturing activity in the Tenth District (Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Wyoming, northern New Mexico, and western Missouri). The accumulated results also help trace longer term trends. The survey monitors about 300 manufacturing plants selected according to geographic distribution, industry mix, and size. Survey results reveal changes in several indicators of manufacturing activity, including production and shipments, and identify changes in prices of raw materials and finished products.The survey is conducted during the first month of each quarter. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

The Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City quarterly Survey of Manufacturers provides information on current manufacturing activity in the Tenth District. The survey monitors about 300 manufacturing plants selected according to geographic distribution, industry mix, and size. Survey results reveal changes in several indicators of manufacturing activity, including production and shipments, and identify changes in prices of raw materials and finished products. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the USD, while a lower than expected number as negative

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the rate on the Treasury Bill auctioned.

U.S. Treasury Bills have maturities of a few days to one year. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital. The rate on a Treasury Bill represents the return an investor will receive by holding the bill for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the rate on the Treasury Bill auctioned.U.S. Treasury Bills have maturities of a few days to one year. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital. The rate on a Treasury Bill represents the return an investor will receive by holding the bill for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid. Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

The Monetary Policy Review is published twice a year and is aimed at broadening public understanding of the objectives and conduct of monetary policy. The Monetary Policy Review covers domestic and international developments that impact on the monetary policy stance. It takes a forward-looking approach, in contrast to the Quarterly Bulletin which records and explains recent economic developments. The Monetary Policy Review is presented by senior officials of the SARB at monetary policy forums in various centres across South Africa in an effort to develop a better understanding of monetary policy through direct interactions with stakeholders.

The U.S. Treasury has been issuing Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS) since 1997. TIPS provide investors with protection against inflation: the principal of the TIPS increases with inflation and decreases with deflation.

The Treasury sells these securities at regularly scheduled auctions. Competitive bids at these single-price auctions determine the interest rate paid on each issue, which remains fixed.

Retail Sales measure the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the ARS, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the ARS.

The Fed balance sheet is a statement listing the assets and liabilities of the Federal Reserve System. Details of the Fed's balance sheet are disclosed by the Fed in a weekly report called "Factors Affecting Reserve Balances."

Reserve Balances with Federal Reserve Banks is the amount of money that depository institutions maintain in their accounts at their regional Federal Reserve Banks.

The Interest Rate Decision is a major economic calendar event in Ukraine and refers to the announcement made by the National Bank of Ukraine (NBU) regarding their key policy interest rate. This rate, also known as the discount rate or refinancing rate, significantly influences overall monetary policy and plays a crucial role in steering short-term interest rates throughout the economy.

The NBU's Monetary Policy Committee usually convenes eight times a year to review existing economic conditions, assess inflation trends, and decide whether a change in the key policy rate is necessary. An increase in the interest rate is typically implemented in response to rising inflation concerns, while a decrease may signify an attempt at stimulating economic growth by making borrowing more affordable for businesses and consumers.

Markets and investors pay close attention to the Interest Rate Decision, as it is a key indicator of Ukraine's monetary policy stance. Changes in interest rates can consequently lead to fluctuations in the financial markets and directly affect the foreign exchange rate of the Ukrainian hryvnia. The interest rate announcement often comes with a press release and sometimes a press conference, providing further insights into the NBU's current policy approach and its future expectations.

The Manufacturing & Services Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) provides a comprehensive indication of the economic health of the manufacturing and services sectors in Australia. This composite index is based on data collected from company purchasing managers and is considered an essential indicator of business conditions. It reflects factors such as new orders, inventory levels, production, supplier deliveries, and employment.

The PMI is an influential economic indicator because it gives insight into the prevailing direction of both sectors and can signal the overall economic trajectory of the nation. A PMI reading above 50 typically indicates expansion, whereas a reading below 50 suggests contraction. Economists, investors, and policymakers closely monitor this report to gauge performance and make informed decisions regarding policy and investments.

The Australian Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the manufacturing sector. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector; below indicates contraction. Traders watch these surveys closely as purchasing managers usually have early access to data about their company’s performance, which can be a leading indicator of overall economic performance. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the AUD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the AUD.

The Judo Bank Services PMI (Purchasing Managers' Index) measures the performance of the service sector in Australia. It is an indicator of the economic health of the sector, which is vital as it comprises a significant portion of the economy. The index is derived from monthly surveys of purchasing managers in service-based companies, covering sectors like finance, insurance, real estate, transport, and communication.

A PMI above 50 signals expansion in the service sector, while a figure below 50 indicates contraction. Investors and policymakers closely monitor this data to assess economic growth, make business decisions, and formulate monetary policy. Fluctuations in the Services PMI can have significant implications for financial markets, as it reflects consumer demand and business activity levels within the Australian economy.

Gfk Consumer Confidence measures the level of consumer confidence in economic activity. A reading above zero indicates optimism; below indicates pessimism.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

National Consumer Price Index before seasonal adjustment. Statistics Bureau of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications announces this every month. A higher than expected result would be positive news for the yen, whilst a lower than expected result would be negative news for the yen.

The National Core Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services purchased by consumers, excluding fresh food.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the JPY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the JPY.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

The impact on the currency may go both ways, a rise in CPI may lead to a rise in interest rates and a rise in local currency, on the other hand, during recession, a rise in CPI may lead to a deepened recession and therefore a fall in local currency.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends and inflation. The impact on the currency may go both ways, a rise in CPI may lead to a rise in interest rates and a rise in local currency, on the other hand, during recession, a rise in CPI may lead to a deepened recession and therefore a fall in local currency.

RBA Gov Bullock Speaks is an economic calendar event in which the Reserve Bank of Australia's (RBA) Assistant Governor, Michelle Bullock, publicly addresses an audience on a variety of topics related to the Australian economy, monetary policy, and financial stability. Her speeches may provide insight into the central bank's current and future monetary policy stance, as well as any changes to interest rates, inflation targets, and other key economic indicators.

Market participants closely monitor these speeches for any hints or policy-related information that could impact financial markets, the Australian dollar exchange rates, and future RBA decisions. Unanticipated shifts in policy or tone during these speeches can potentially lead to significant market reactions.

The Manufacturing & Services Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) is a critical economic indicator for Japan, providing insights into the performance and health of the manufacturing and services sectors. Released monthly, this composite index is derived from surveys of purchasing managers across the country, covering variables such as new orders, inventory levels, production, supplier deliveries, and employment.

A PMI reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector, while a reading below 50 suggests contraction. The Manufacturing PMI focuses on production-related activities, while the Services PMI assesses business activity in the service sector. Together, they offer a comprehensive view of economic conditions, helping investors, analysts, and policymakers gauge economic health and make informed decisions.

The Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the manufacturing sector. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector; below 50 indicates contraction. Traders watch these surveys closely as purchasing managers usually have early access to data about their company’s performance, which can be a leading indicator of overall economic performance.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the JPY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the JPY.

The au Jibun Bank Services Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) is a key indicator of the economic health of Japan's service sector. Compiled by IHS Markit and published by au Jibun Bank, this index measures the activity levels of purchasing managers in the service industry. A PMI reading above 50 signifies expansion in the sector, while a reading below 50 indicates contraction.

The index considers factors such as new business, employment, supplier delivery times, and inventories. It provides insights into various service industries, including finance, real estate, and communications, among others. Market participants watch this PMI closely as it can offer early signals about economic conditions and future GDP growth in Japan.

Construction industry provides information on construction output and activity. Such information gives an insight into the supply on the housing and construction market. Rising number of new construction starts or value of construction completed reflects higher consumer and business optimism. Expanding construction indicates growth in the housing market and predicts an increase in the overall economy. However, an excessive supply of new buildings may result in a drop in housing prices. The construction industry is one of the first to go into a recession when the economy declines but also to recover as conditions improve.To compute the price indices, transactions are first grouped by property type and locality. The grouping is selected on the basis of frequent transactions and similar prices ($ per sq m). The median price in each group is used to compute a sub-index. The price index of a particular property type is the weighted average of all the sub-indices of that property type in the various planning areas.

The Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) is a composite indicator designed to provide an overall view of activity in the manufacturing sector and acts as an leading indicator for the whole economy. The PMI is a composite index based on the diffusion indexes for the following five indicators and their weight: New orders - 0.3, Output - 0.25 , Employment - 0.2, Suppliers delivery times - 0.15 and Stock of items purchased - 0.1 with the Delivery times index inverted so that it moves in a comparable direction. When PMI is below 50.0 this indicates that the manufacturing economy is declining and a value above 50.0 indicates an expansion of the manufacturing economy. The individual survey indexes have been seasonally adjusted using the US Bureau of Census X-11 programme. The seasonally adjusted series are then used to calculate the seasonally adjusted PMI. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the INR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the INR.

The Indian HSBC Services PMI is compiled by questionnaires sent to purchasing executives in around 350 private service sector companies. The panel has been carefully selected to accurately replicate the true structure of the services economy. Index and the Services Business Activity Index, and is based on original survey data collected from a representative panel of over 800 companies based in the Indian manufacturing and service sectors. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the INR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the INR.

The Manufacturing & Services PMI (Purchasing Managers' Index) in India is a set of indicators measuring the economic health of the manufacturing and services sectors. PMI data is compiled through surveys of purchasing managers in both sectors, focusing on metrics such as output, new orders, employment, suppliers' delivery times, and inventories of purchased goods. A PMI above 50 indicates expansion, while a reading below 50 suggests contraction.

In India, these indices provide insights into business conditions and the economic outlook, influencing policy decisions by the government and the central bank. They are key leading indicators of economic performance and are closely watched by economists, traders, and investors. Regular releases of PMI data help in understanding economic trends, thus playing a vital role in economic forecasting and strategic planning by businesses and investors.

Export price index is a measure of the average prices of a group of the goods that a country exports. The headline is the percentage change in the index from the previous month or year. It is generally preferable when the index is based on prices taken directly from the exporter. However, in the absence of national sources, data for wholesale prices are taken from world commodity markets and are converted into national currency at period average exchange rates. Changes in this figure represent either a change in the amount of sold goods or in the prices of the goods which might be caused by changing production costs. Export price index serves is an indicator of the economy's total demand for goods and services. Therefore it directly influences GDP.

Import price index is a measure of the average prices of the goods that a country imports. The headline is the percentage change in the index from the previous month or year. It is generally preferable when the index is based on prices taken directly from the importer. However, in the absence of national sources, data for wholesale prices are taken from world commodity markets and are converted into national currency at period average exchange rates. Changes in this figure represent either a changing foreign demand or a change in prices of foreign goods. Significant changes in foreign goods prices might affect inflation. Increasing index causes higher retail prices in the country. Import price index is an indicator of the economy's total supply of goods and services.

The Producer Price Index (PPI) is designed to monitor changes in prices of items at the first important commercial transactions. The PPI shows the same general pattern of inflation as does Consumer price index, but is more volatile. This is because it is weighted more heavily towards goods that are traded in highly competitive markets and somewhat less sensitive to changes in the cost of labour.The PPI is worth watching as a leading indicator of inflation at the consumer level. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Japan's Composite index of coincident indicators measures current economic conditions. For the main purpose of measuring the amplitude of the fluctuations of economic activities, the composite indexes are constructed by aggregating the percentage changes of the selected series. They are represented with the average of their 1995 values as 100. The coincident index consists of the following components: - Index of industrial production (mining and manufacturing); - Index of consumption of raw materials (manufacturing); - Large industrial power consumption; - Index of capacity utilization ratio (manufacturing); - Index of non-scheduled worked hours; - Index of producer's shipment (investment goods); - Sales at department stores (percent change from the previous year); - Index of sales in wholesale trade (percent change from the previous year); - Operating profits (all industries); - Index of sales in small and medium sized enterprises (manufacturing); - Effective job offer rate (excluding new school graduates).

The Leading Indicators Index is a composite index based on 12 economic indicators, that is designed to predict the future direction of the economy.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the JPY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the JPY.

The Leading Indicators Index is a composite index based on 12 economic indicators, that is designed to predict the future direction of the economy.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the JPY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the JPY.

Industrial Production measures the change in the total inflation-adjusted value of output produced by manufacturers, mines, and utilities.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the SGD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the SGD.

Industrial Production measures the change in the total inflation-adjusted value of output produced by manufacturers, mines, and utilities.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the SGD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the SGD.

Retail Sales measure the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity. The Core number excludes Auto sales and Fuel, which tend to be very volatile.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

Retail Sales measure the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity. The Core number excludes Auto sales and Fuel, which tend to be very volatile.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

Retail Sales measure the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

Retail Sales measure the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

Producer Price Index (PPI) measures a change in the prices of goods and services, over a span of time, either as they leave their place of production or as they enter the production process. PPI measures a change in the prices received by domestic producers for their outputs or the change in the prices paid by domestic producers for their intermediate inputs. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the SEK , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the SEK.

Producer Price Index (PPI) measures a change in the prices of goods and services, over a span of time, either as they leave their place of production or as they enter the production process. PPI measures a change in the prices received by domestic producers for their outputs or the change in the prices paid by domestic producers for their intermediate inputs. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the SEK , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the SEK.

French Consumer Confidence measures the level of consumer confidence in economic activity. It is a leading indicator as it can predict consumer spending, which plays a major role in overall economic activity. Higher readings point to higher consumer optimism.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Unemployment Rate measures the percentage of the total work force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR.

The Producer Price Index (PPI) measures the change in the price of goods sold by manufacturers. It is a leading indicator of consumer price inflation, which accounts for the majority of overall inflation.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The French Manufacturing Purchasing Manager's Index (PMI) measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the manufacturing sector. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector; a reading below 50 indicates contraction. Traders watch these surveys closely as purchasing managers usually have early access to data about their company’s performance, which can be a leading indicator of overall economic performance.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The PMI monthly Composite Reports on Manufacturing and Services are based on surveys of over 300 business executives in private sector manufacturing companies and also 300 private sector services companies. Data is usually released on the third working day of each month. Each response is weighted according to the size of the company and its contribution to total manufacturing or services output accounted for by the sub-sector to which that company belongs. Replies from larger companies have a greater impact on the final index numbers than those from small companies. Results are presented by question asked, showing the percentage of respondents reporting an improvement, deterioration or no change since the previous month. From these percentages, an index is derived: a level of 50.0 signals no change since the previous month, above 50.0 signals an increase (or improvement), below 50.0 a decrease (or contraction). A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The French Services Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the services sector.

The report is based on surveys of over 300 business executives in private sector services companies.

Data is usually released on the third working day of each month. Each response is weighted according to the size of the company and its contribution to total manufacturing or services output accounted for by the sub-sector to which that company belongs.

Replies from larger companies have a greater impact on the final index numbers than those from small companies. Results are presented by question asked, showing the percentage of respondents reporting an improvement, deterioration or no change since the previous month. From these percentages, an index is derived: a level of 50.0 signals no change since the previous month, above 50.0 signals an increase (or improvement), below 50.0 a decrease (or contraction).

Traders watch these surveys closely as purchasing managers usually have early access to data about their company’s performance, which can be a leading indicator of overall economic performance.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The PMI monthly Composite Reports on Manufacturing and Services are based on surveys of over 300 business executives in private sector manufacturing companies and also 300 private sector services companies. Data is usually released on the third working day of each month. Each response is weighted according to the size of the company and its contribution to total manufacturing or services output accounted for by the sub-sector to which that company belongs. Replies from larger companies have a greater impact on the final index numbers than those from small companies. Results are presented by question asked, showing the percentage of respondents reporting an improvement, deterioration or no change since the previous month. From these percentages, an index is derived: a level of 50.0 signals no change since the previous month, above 50.0 signals an increase (or improvement), below 50.0 a decrease.

The German Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the manufacturing sector. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector; below indicates contraction. Traders watch these surveys closely as purchasing managers usually have early access to data about their company’s performance, which can be a leading indicator of overall economic performance.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The German Services Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the services sector.

The report is based on surveys of over 300 business executives in private sector services companies.

Data is usually released on the third working day of each month. Each response is weighted according to the size of the company and its contribution to total manufacturing or services output accounted for by the sub-sector to which that company belongs.

Replies from larger companies have a greater impact on the final index numbers than those from small companies. Results are presented by question asked, showing the percentage of respondents reporting an improvement, deterioration or no change since the previous month. From these percentages, an index is derived: a level of 50.0 signals no change since the previous month, above 50.0 signals an increase (or improvement), below 50.0 a decrease (or contraction).

Traders watch these surveys closely as purchasing managers usually have early access to data about their company’s performance, which can be a leading indicator of overall economic performance.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Unemployment Rate measures the percentage of the total work force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment during the previous quarter. A higher than expected reading should be taken as negitive/bearish for the TWD , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the TWD.

The Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the manufacturing sector. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector; below 50 indicates contraction. Traders watch these surveys closely as purchasing managers usually have early access to data about their company’s performance, which can be a leading indicator of overall economic performance.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The PMI monthly Composite Reports on Manufacturing and Services are based on surveys of over 300 business executives in private sector manufacturing companies and also 300 private sector services companies. Data is usually released on the third working day of each month. Each response is weighted according to the size of the company and its contribution to total manufacturing or services output accounted for by the sub-sector to which that company belongs. Replies from larger companies have a greater impact on the final index numbers than those from small companies. Results are presented by question asked, showing the percentage of respondents reporting an improvement, deterioration or no change since the previous month. From these percentages, an index is derived: a level of 50.0 signals no change since the previous month, above 50.0 signals an increase (or improvement), below 50.0 a decrease (or contraction).

The Euro-zone Services Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the services sector.

The report is based on surveys of about 600 business executives in private sector services companies.

Data is usually released on the third working day of each month. Each response is weighted according to the size of the company and its contribution to total manufacturing or services output accounted for by the sub-sector to which that company belongs.

Replies from larger companies have a greater impact on the final index numbers than those from small companies. Results are presented by question asked, showing the percentage of respondents reporting an improvement, deterioration or no change since the previous month. From these percentages, an index is derived: a level of 50.0 signals no change since the previous month, above 50.0 signals an increase (or improvement), below 50.0 a decrease (or contraction).

Traders watch these surveys closely as purchasing managers usually have early access to data about their company’s performance, which can be a leading indicator of overall economic performance.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Composite PMI Index measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the both sectors. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector; a reading below 50 indicates contraction. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

The Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the manufacturing sector. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector; below 50 indicates contraction. Traders watch these surveys closely as purchasing managers usually have early access to data about their company’s performance, which can be a leading indicator of overall economic performance.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

The Services Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the services sector. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector; a reading below 50 indicates contraction. Traders watch these surveys closely as purchasing managers usually have early access to data about their company’s performance, which can be a leading indicator of overall economic performance.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

Bank of England(BOE) Senior Deputy Governor (July 2016 - June 2021) Sam Woods is to speak. BOE Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) members are responsible for setting the benchmark interest rate and their speeches often contain indications on the future possible direction of monetary policy. His comments may determine a short-term positive or negative trend.

The Bank Rossii decision on short term interest rate. The decision on where to set interest rates depends mostly on growth outlook and inflation. The primary objective of the central bank is to achieve price stability. High interest rates attract foreigners looking for the best "risk-free" return on their money, which can dramatically increases demand for the nation's currency.

A higher than expected rate is positive/bullish for the RUB, while a lower than expected rate is negative/bearish for the RUB.

FGV Consumer confidence is based on surveys which are sent to citizens which rate their opinion on different issues concerning future and current conditions.The Consumer Expectations Survey produces indicators about consumer sentiment, such as: decisions about saving accounts and future expenses; pointers to the short-term path of the economy; evaluations and expectations about the local economic situation; the financial situation of the family, work prospects, and intention to purchase durable goods; Consumer`s Trust Index, Present Situation, and Expectations Index. A stronger than expected figure should be taken as a bullish signal to the BRL while a weaker than expected figure as bearish to the BRL.

The Current Account index measures the difference in value between exported and imported goods, services and interest payments during the reported month. The goods portion is the same as the monthly Trade Balance figureBecause foreigners must buy the domestic currency to pay for the nation's exports the data can have a sizable affect on the BRL. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the BRL , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the BRL.

 Foreign direct investment are the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series shows net outflows of investment from the reporting economy to the rest of the world and is divided by GDP. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the BRL, while a lower than expected number as negative.

International reserves are used to settle balance of payments deficits between countries. International reserves are made up of foreign currency assets, gold, holdings of SDRs and reserve position in the IMF. Usually includes foreign currencies themselves, other assets denominated in foreign currencies, and particular amount of special drawing rights (SDRs). A foreign exchange reserve is a useful precaution for countries exposed to financial crises. It can be used for the purpose of intervening in the exchange market to influence or peg the exchange rate. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the INR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the INR.

The consumer price index (CPI) is a measure of change in the general level of prices of goods and services bought by households over a specified period of time. It compares a household's cost for a specific basket of finished goods and services with the cost of the same basket during an earlier benchmark period. The consumer price index is used as a measurement of and is a key economic figure. Likely impact: 1) Interest Rates: Larger-than-expected quarterly increase in price inflation or increasing trend is considered inflationary; this will cause bond prices to drop and yields and interest rates to rise. 2) Stock Prices: Higher than expected price inflation is bearish on the stock market as higher inflation will lead to higher interest rates. 3) Exchange Rates: High inflation has an uncertain effect. It would lead to depreciation as higher prices mean lower competitiveness. Conversely, higher inflation causes higher interest rates and a tighter monetary policy that leads to an appreciation.

The consumer price index (CPI) is a measure of change in the general level of prices of goods and services bought by households over a specified period of time. It compares a household's cost for a specific basket of finished goods and services with the cost of the same basket during an earlier benchmark period. The consumer price index is used as a measurement of and is a key economic figure. Likely impact: 1) Interest Rates: Larger-than-expected quarterly increase in price inflation or increasing trend is considered inflationary; this will cause bond prices to drop and yields and interest rates to rise. 2) Stock Prices: Higher than expected price inflation is bearish on the stock market as higher inflation will lead to higher interest rates. 3) Exchange Rates: High inflation has an uncertain effect. It would lead to depreciation as higher prices mean lower competitiveness. Conversely, higher inflation causes higher interest rates and a tighter monetary policy that leads to an appreciation.

Central Bank of Russia (CBR) press conference looks at the factors that affected the most recent interest rate decision, the overall economic outlook, inflation and offers insights into future monetary policy decisions.

The Core Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the changes in the price of goods and services, excluding food and energy. The CPI measures price change from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

The Core Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the changes in the price of goods and services, excluding food and energy. The CPI measures price change from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

The consumer price index (CPI) is a measure of the average change in the prices paid by urban consumers for a fixed market basket of goods and services. The CPI is based on prices of food, clothing, shelter, fuel, drugs, transportation fares, doctors' and dentists' fees, and other goods and services that people buy for day-to-day living. The quantity and quality of these items are kept essentially unchanged between major revisions so that only price changes will be measured. All taxes directly associated with the purchase and use of items are included in the index.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

The consumer price index (CPI) is a measure of the average change in the prices paid by urban consumers for a fixed market basket of goods and services. The CPIis based on prices of food, clothing, shelter, fuel, drugs, transportation fares, doctors and dentists fees, and other goods and services that people buy for day-to-day living. The quantity and quality of these items are kept essentially unchanged between major revisions so that only price changes will bemeasured. All taxes directly associated with the purchase and use of items are included in the index."

The CPI Index, s.a, also known as the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers, is an economic event that measures the average change in the prices that urban consumers pay for a basket of goods and services over time. It is a key indicator of inflation and serves as a guide for making decisions related to monetary policy, wage agreements, and economic forecasts.

This event compares the cost of a fixed basket of goods and services purchased by consumers, such as food, housing, transportation, and medical care, to the cost of the same basket in a previous reference period. The CPI Index, s.a, adjusts the data for seasonal variations, making it easier to compare changes in the prices of goods and services throughout the year.

An increase in the CPI Index, s.a, indicates that the average price level for the basket of goods and services has increased, thereby pointing to inflationary pressures. Conversely, a decrease signifies deflationary pressures. Central banks, policymakers, businesses, and individuals closely monitor this economic event to make informed decisions related to investments, consumption, and financial planning.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) not seasonally adjusted (n.s.a) is an economic calendar event for the United States that measures the changes in the prices paid by urban consumers for a representative basket of goods and services, without any adjustments made for seasonal variations.

While the seasonally adjusted CPI takes into account predictable fluctuations at different times of the year, such as increased energy costs in winter or more expensive food in summer, the not seasonally adjusted CPI provides a more straightforward look at price changes, presenting the raw data without any adjustments.

Analyzer of CPI n.s.a is important for policymakers, investors, and businesses as it helps in understanding inflation trends and making well-informed decisions.

Building Permits measures the change in the number of new building permits issued by the government. Building permits are a key indicator of demand in the housing market.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

Building Permits is a report closely watched by economists and investors alike. Since all related factors associated with the construction of a building are important economic activities (for example, financing and employment), the building permit report can give a major hint as to the state of the economy in the near future. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the USD, while a lower than expected number as negative.

Real Earnings measures Wages, salaries, and other earnings, corrected for inflation over time so as to produce a measure of actual changes in purchasing power. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the USD, while a lower than expected number as negative

The New Housing Price Index (NHPI) measures the change in selling prices for new homes. It is a leading indicator of health in the housing sector.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CAD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CAD.

Deutsche Bundesbank President and voting member of the ECB Governing Council from Jan 2022. He's believed to be one of the most influential members of the council. ECB Governing Council members vote on where to set the Eurozone's key interest rates and their public engagements are often used to drop subtle clues regarding future monetary policy.

The National Bank of Belgium (NBB) Business Climate Index measures the change in the level of confidence in business conditions. On the index, a level above zero indicates improving conditions, below indicates worsening conditions. The data is compiled from a survey of about 6,000 businesses which asks respondents to rate the current level of business conditions and expectations for the following six months.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the manufacturing sector. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector; below 50 indicates contraction. Traders watch these surveys closely as purchasing managers usually have early access to data about their company’s performance, which can be a leading indicator of overall economic performance. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

The S&P Global Composite PMI (Purchasing Managers' Index) is an economic calendar event that provides a comprehensive, forward-looking insight into the performance of the global economy. This event measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the private sector across various industries, including manufacturing and services. The data is collected through surveys conducted by IHS Markit, a leading provider of global market and economic information.

A PMI reading above 50 indicates expansion in the surveyed business sector, while a reading below 50 signifies contraction. The index is widely regarded as a reliable barometer of global economic health, as it offers a timely and accurate assessment of business conditions and purchasing trends. Investors, policymakers, and analysts closely monitor this event to gauge the overall strength of the economy and predict future growth patterns.

The Service PMI release is published monthly by Markit Economics. The data are based on surveys of over 400 executives in private sector service companies. The surveys cover transport and communication, financial intermediaries, business and personal services, computing & IT, hotels and restaurants. 

An index level of 50 denotes no change since the previous month, while a level above 50 signals an improvement, and below 50 indicates a deterioration. A reading that is stronger than forecast is generally supportive (bullish) for the USD, while a weaker than forecast reading is generally negative (bearish) for the USD.

The Michigan 1-Year Inflation Expectations is an economic indicator derived from the monthly Survey of Consumers conducted by the University of Michigan. This particular metric focuses on the respondents' expectations for the inflation rate in the United States over the next 12 months.

Participants are asked to provide their personal views on the anticipated percentage change in prices for goods and services in the coming year. The resulting figure is considered an important gauge of consumer sentiment regarding the overall health of the US economy, with higher expectations of inflation often pointing to concerns about economic growth.

As a forward-looking indicator, the Michigan 1-Year Inflation Expectations can provide valuable insights for economists, policymakers, and market participants, helping to inform decisions related to interest rates, monetary policy, and investment strategies.

The University of Michigan Inflation Expectations survey of consumers presents the median expected price changes for the next 5 years.

A reading that is stronger than forecast is generally supportive (bullish) for the USD, while a weaker than forecast reading is generally negative (bearish) for the USD.

The Michigan sentiment index includes two major components, a "current conditions" component and an "expectations" component. The current conditions component index is based on the answers to two standard questions and the expectations component index is based on three standard questions. This number is the expectations part of the overall index. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the USD, while a lower than expected number as negative. This is the final number.

The University of Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index rates the relative level of current and future economic conditions. There are two versions of this data released two weeks apart, preliminary and revised. The preliminary data tends to have a greater impact. The reading is compiled from a survey of around 500 consumers.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

The Michigan sentiment index includes two major components, a "current conditions" component and an "expectations" component. The current conditions component index is based on the answers to two standard questions and the expectations component index is based on three standard questions. All five questions have equal weight in determining the overall index. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the USD, while a lower than expected number as negative. This is the final number. This is the preliminary number.

New Home Sales measures the annualized number of new single-family homes that were sold during the previous month. This report tends to have more impact when it's released ahead of Existing Home Sales because the reports are tightly correlated.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

New Home Sales measures the change in percenatge of the new home sales, A new home sale is considered to be any deposit or contract signing either in the year the house was built or the year after it was built. A strong number would indicate a strong housing activity, and therefore a strong economy. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the USD, while a lower than expected number as negative

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends and in the metropolitan area of Cleaveland. The impact on the currency may go both ways, a rise in CPI may lead to a rise in interest rates and a rise in local currency, on the other hand, during recession, a rise in CPI may lead to a deepened recession and therefore a fall in local currency.

The Baker Hughes rig count is an important business barometer for the oil drilling industry. When drilling rigs are active they consume products and services produced by the oil service industry. The active rig count acts as a leading indicator of demand for oil products.

The U.S. Baker Hughes Total Rig Count is an important economic event that tracks the number of active drilling rigs operating in the United States. This data is published weekly by the oilfield services company Baker Hughes and serves as a valuable tool for monitoring the health of the energy sector.

The report is a primary indicator of drilling activity in the U.S., including rigs engaged in the exploration and extraction of oil and natural gas. The rig count can provide hints about future production levels, as a higher total rig count usually indicates increased exploration and production of oil and natural gas, while lower counts often signal cutbacks.

Market participants, policymakers, and analysts closely watch the Baker Hughes Rig Count, as it can provide vital information on trends in the energy industry and have an impact on oil prices. Sudden changes in the rig count might result in price fluctuations in the energy markets, making it a crucial event for trading purposes.

The Unemployment Rate measures the percentage of the total work force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment. A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the ILS , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the ILS.

A statistical measurement and economic indicator of the overall health of the economy as determined by consumer opinion. Consumer sentiment takes into accountan individual's feelings toward his or her own current financial health, the health of the economy in the short term and the prospects for longer term economic growth.

The Corporate Services Price Index (CSPI) measures the change in the price of goods sold by corporations. It is a leading indicator of consumer price inflation.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the JPY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the JPY.