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The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends and inflation. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the VND, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the VND.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends and inflation. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the VND, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the VND.

Industrial Production measures the change in the total inflation-adjusted value of output produced by manufacturers, mines, and utilities. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the VND, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the VND.

Retail Sales measure the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the VND, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the VND.

The Trade Balance measures the difference in value between imported and exported goods and services over the reported period. A positive number indicates that more goods and services were exported than imported.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the VND, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the VND.

The balance figures are obtained by deducting the weighted proportion of negative answers from that of positive answers. The positive balance figure for unemployment means that unemployment is estimated to go up. The consumer confidence indicator is the average of the balance figures for four questions concerning the next 12 months: own and Finlands economy, households saving possibilities and unemployment (with changed sign). The balance figures and the confidence indicator can range between -100 and 100. Confidence indicator is a measure of the mood of consumers or businesses. It is usually based on a survey during which respondents rate their opinion on different issues concerning current and future conditions. There are many kinds of confidence indicators as institutions measuring them use different questions, sizes of samples or frequency of publications.

EK business tendency surveys are part of the EU s harmonised system of business surveys. The surveys are carried out between the 1st and 25th of each month. Industrial confidence indicator is calculated from the responses of manufacturing executives to three questions: production expectations in the next few months, order books as well as (-) finished goods inventories compared to normal.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health. The quarterly change measures the seasonally adjusted change in percentage compared to the previous quarter. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the SEK, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the SEK.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health. The year-on-year change measures the seasonally adjusted change in percentage during a quarter compared to the equivalent period during the previous year. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the SEK, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the SEK.

Retail trade excluding motor vehicles; including repair shops for personal and household goods. Adjusted for irregularity of the calendar. Retail sales data represents total consumer purchase from retail stores. It provides valuable information about consumer spending which makes up the consumption part of GDP. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the SEK , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the SEK.

Retail trade excluding motor vehicles; including repair shops for personal and household goods. Adjusted for irregularity of the calendar. Retail sales data represents total consumer purchase from retail stores. It provides valuable information about consumer spending which makes up the consumption part of GDP. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the SEK , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the SEK.

Retail sales data represents total consumer purchase from retail stores. It provides valuable information about consumer spending which makes up the consumption part of GDP. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the DKK , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the DKK.

Trade balance, called also net export, is the difference between the value of country's exports and imports, over a period of time. A positive balance (trade surplus) means that exports exceed imports, a negative one means the opposite. Positive trade balance illustrates high competitiveness of country's economy. This strengthens investor's interest in the local currency, appreciating its exchange rate. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the JPY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the JPY.

Business Confidence measures the current business conditions in the Netherlands . It helps to analyze the economic situation in the short term. A rising trend indicates an increase in business investment which may lead to higher levels of output. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

The impact on the currency may go both ways, a rise in CPI may lead to a rise in interest rates and a rise in local currency, on the other hand, during recession, a rise in CPI may lead to a deepened recession and therefore a fall in local currency.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices, is the same as CPI, but with a joint basket of products for all Eurozone member countries. The impact on the currency may go both ways, a rise in CPI may lead to a rise in interest rates and a rise in local currency, on the other hand, during recession, a rise in CPI may lead to a deepened recession and therefore a fall in local currency.

Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices, is the same as CPI, but with a joint basket of products for all Eurozone member countries. The impact on the currency may go both ways, a rise in CPI may lead to a rise in interest rates and a rise in local currency, on the other hand, during recession, a rise in CPI may lead to a deepened recession and therefore a fall in local currency.

Economic confidence index is a composite index that encapsulates consumers’ and producers’ evaluations, expectations and tendencies about general economic situation. The index is combined by means of a weighted aggregation of sub-indices of consumer confidence, seasonally adjusted real sector (manufacturing industry), services, retail trade and construction confidence indices. In the calculation of economic confidence index, each sectoral weights are not directly applied to the five confidence indices themselves but to their normalised individual sub-indices series as equally-distributed in each sector. Within this scope, totally 20 sub-indices of confidence indices for consumer, real sector, services, retail trade and construction are used in the calculation. Sub-indices used in the calculation of economic confidence index are calculated with data collected in the first two weeks of each month. It indicates an optimistic outlook about the general economic situation when economic confidence index is above 100, whereas it indicates a pessimistic outlook when it is below 100.

The Trade Balance measures the difference in value between imported and exported goods sand services, from and to Non-Eu countries, over the reported period. A positive number indicates that more goods and services were exported than imported. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Baden Wuerttemberg Consumer Price Index (CPI) is an essential economic indicator released monthly, reflecting the change in prices for a representative basket of goods and services purchased by households in the Baden-Wuerttemberg region of Germany. The CPI is calculated by measuring the percentage change in the average price level of various goods and services, including food and beverages, housing, transportation, health care, and education, among others.

As the largest state in Germany in terms of both economy and population, Baden-Wuerttemberg is considered a significant contributor to Germany's overall economic performance. The Baden Wuerttemberg CPI provides valuable insights into inflationary trends, cost of living, and buying trends of consumers in the region. This data can also help the European Central Bank (ECB) and other policymakers shape monetary policies and gauge the effectiveness of implemented measures.

A high or rising CPI indicates an increase in inflation, which can negatively impact the purchasing power of consumers and erode their income. Conversely, a low or falling CPI signals lower inflation or even deflation, meaning that consumers can purchase more goods and services with the same amount of income. Monitoring the changes in the Baden Wuerttemberg CPI is essential for anyone interested in the German economy's performance and understanding the regional dynamics affecting inflation.

The Bavaria Consumer Price Index (CPI) is an economic calendar event that focuses specifically on the inflation rate of the federal state of Bavaria in Germany. The index tracks the changes in the prices of a basket of consumer goods and services purchased by households, including food, transportation, utilities, housing, and more.

CPI is a significant indicator of the overall economic health, as it directly illustrates the purchasing power of the consumers within the region. A rising CPI indicates rising inflation, while a falling CPI suggests a decrease in inflation rates. Both policymakers and investors closely follow this data, as it can impact the decisions made by the central bank, such as adjusting interest rates to control inflation.

It is important to note that the Bavaria CPI is only a portion of the overall German CPI, but it plays a vital role, as Bavaria is the largest and economically strongest federal state in Germany.

The Bavaria Consumer Price Index (CPI) is an economic calendar event that measures the change in the price of a basket of goods and services purchased by households in Bavaria, a region in Germany. It serves as an important indicator of inflation, as well as cost of living within the Bavarian economy.

Calculated on a monthly basis, the Bavaria CPI reflects the average price change of consumer goods and services compared to the previous month. This includes items such as food, transportation, housing, and healthcare. The percentage change in the Bavaria CPI is commonly used to determine the inflation rate for the region.

An increase in the Bavaria CPI signifies a rise in inflation, which may lead to a decrease in consumer purchasing power and an increase in interest rates. Conversely, a decrease in the Bavaria CPI indicates a lower inflation rate, which could lead to increased consumer purchasing power and potentially lower interest rates. Investors and market analysts closely monitor the Bavaria CPI data for insights into the health and future direction of the German economy.

The Brandenburg Consumer Price Index (CPI) is an important economic event that evaluates and measures the average price change of a basket of selected goods and services consumed by households in the Brandenburg region of Germany. The CPI is a widely-used indicator for determining inflation and the overall cost of living.

By evaluating a fixed set of goods and services over time, the Brandenburg CPI provides a clear picture of changes in consumer spending habits and the purchasing power of the local currency. This information is crucial for both businesses and policymakers who aim to make informed decisions about economic growth, interest rates, and fiscal policies.

The release of the Brandenburg CPI data can have an impact on financial markets, particularly on the strength of the German economy and the Euro. Investors, traders, and economic analysts pay close attention to the CPI as it can be a key element in determining the overall health and performance of the economy.

The Brandenburg Consumer Price Index (CPI) is an essential economic indicator that measures the changes in the price level of a basket of consumer goods and services purchased by households in the Brandenburg region of Germany. The CPI is calculated by taking into account the price changes of various items, including food, clothing, housing, transportation, and healthcare, among others.

It is a crucial gauge of inflation, as it helps policymakers, businesses, and investors to understand the overall health of the economy and make informed decisions. A steady growth rate in the Brandenburg CPI indicates a stable economy, while a sharp increase or decrease may signify economic instability or fluctuations that could impact consumer behavior, investment decisions, and overall economic growth.

The Hesse Consumer Price Index (CPI) is an economic calendar event that focuses on the changes in consumer prices in the Hesse region of Germany. The CPI measures the average price movement of goods and services purchased by households over time, representing the overall inflation rate.

The Hesse CPI report gives insights into price changes on a regional scale, helping economists, traders, and investors in understanding the local economic conditions. A higher inflation rate is generally perceived as a negative, as it can lead to increased costs for consumers and reduced purchasing power. On the other hand, lower inflation due to decreased consumer demand could indicate a slowing economy.

This economic calendar event can significantly impact German financial markets, given the fact that Hesse holds a strong position in the national economy. The largest city in this region, Frankfurt, serves as a major financial hub and is the seat of the European Central Bank (ECB). Thus, any fluctuations in the Hesse CPI could influence overall economic sentiment and decisions made by the ECB, affecting Eurozone markets and the euro currency.

The Hesse Consumer Price Index (CPI) is an important economic calendar event for Germany, providing information about the province's inflation situation. The CPI is a measure of the changes in prices that consumers pay for a basket of goods and services, which can affect the purchasing power of their money.

As a part of the German economy, the Hesse CPI is an essential indicator for investors, policymakers, and market participants, who closely monitor the inflation trends in the country. A continuous increase in the CPI signifies potential inflation, while a decrease indicates a possible deflationary situation. In both cases, the outcomes could have an impact on the German economy and the European Central Bank (ECB) monetary policy decisions.

Additionally, the Hesse CPI can offer an insight into the general economic conditions in the region. For instance, changes in the CPI can also reveal the relative price movements in different industries, such as energy, housing, and transportation.

The North Rhine Westphalia CPI (Consumer Price Index) is an economic calendar event for Germany that focuses on the changes in the prices of a basket of consumer goods and services in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. This state is the most populous and economically significant region in Germany, making its CPI an important indicator of overall inflation trends in the country.

The CPI measures the average change in the prices that households pay for various goods and services, including food, clothing, transportation, etc., over a specific period. By tracking these changes, the North Rhine Westphalia CPI provides valuable information about the state of the economy and the purchasing power of consumers in the region.

When the CPI increases, it indicates rising inflation, which may lead to higher interest rates, reduced purchasing power, and a potential decline in the value of investments. On the other hand, a decrease in the CPI suggests lower inflation, which may result in lower interest rates, increased purchasing power, and a possible rise in the value of investments. Investors, policymakers, and market participants closely watch the North Rhine Westphalia CPI data to assess the economic conditions and make informed decisions.

The North Rhine Westphalia Consumer Price Index (CPI) is an important economic calendar event that monitors the changes in the prices of a selected basket of goods and services consumed by households in the North Rhine Westphalia region of Germany. This index serves as a key indicator of inflationary trends within the region and contributes to the overall German CPI.

A higher than expected CPI figure suggests increased inflation, potentially prompting the government and central bank to implement measures to control it, such as increasing interest rates. Conversely, a lower than expected CPI figure may indicate decreased inflation, leading to potential stimulus measures, such as lowering interest rates, to encourage economic growth.

The North Rhine Westphalia CPI can have a significant impact on the German economy, as the region is the most populous and economically significant of the 16 states in Germany. Therefore, investors and analysts closely watch this event to make informed decisions based on the economic outlook of the region, and ultimately, the entire country.

The Saxony Consumer Price Index (CPI) is an important economic event in Germany that measures the change in the prices of a selected basket of goods and services purchased by households in the region of Saxony. This indicator helps assess the inflation rate and the overall cost of living in Saxony, which is one of the 16 federal states of Germany.

The CPI is calculated by comparing the current prices of goods and services with their prices in a base period. A significant increase or decrease in the Saxony CPI can provide valuable insights into the health of the German economy, as it reflects consumer purchasing power, consumption trends, and overall economic stability.

This economic event is closely monitored by analysts, investors, and policymakers, as it can influence monetary policy decisions by the European Central Bank (ECB) and other relevant authorities. By keeping track of the Saxony CPI, one can gauge the effectiveness of economic policies and anticipate potential adjustments necessary to maintain price stability and sustainable economic growth in Germany.

The Saxony Consumer Price Index (CPI) is an important economic calendar event that measures the changes in the price level of a market basket of consumer goods and services in the region of Saxony, Germany. The index plays a vital role in determining the level of inflation and overall economic health of the region.

A rise in the Saxony CPI indicates increased consumer demand, which can be interpreted as a sign of a growing economy. Conversely, a decline in the index may suggest weakened purchasing power and a contracting economy. As one of the largest and most industrialized regions in Germany, trends in Saxony's CPI can potentially influence the nation's overall inflation rate and economic policy decisions.

Business Confidence measures the current business conditions in Portugal. It helps to analyze the economic situation in the short term. A rising trend indicates an increase in business investment which may lead to higher levels of output. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Consumer Confidence measures the level of consumer confidence in economic activity. It is a leading indicator as it can predict consumer spending, which plays a major role in overall economic activity. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Business and Consumer Survey is a composite index which measures the level of confidence in the euro zone. The index is compiled from five different indicator surveys which are taken on a monthly basis, including: industrial, services, consumer, retail, and construction. The survey can indicate potential in both consumer and business spending in the euro zone.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Business Climate indicator is based on monthly business surveys and is designed to deliver a clear and timely assessment of the cyclical situation within the euro area. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the EUR, while a lower than expected number as negative.

Consumer Confidence measures the level of consumer confidence in economic activity. It is a leading indicator as it can predict consumer spending, which plays a major role in overall economic activity. The reading is compiled from a survey of about 2,300 consumers in the euro zone which asks respondents to evaluate future economic prospects. Higher readings point to higher consumer optimism.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Consumer Inflation Expectation number is a report by Eurostat that tries to forecast inflation forward, by analysing survey's of consumers all over the Eurozone. The impact on the currency may go both ways, a rise in CPI may lead to a rise in interest rates and a rise in local currency, on the other hand, during recession, a rise in CPI may lead to a deepened recession and therefore a fall in local currency.

Indexes that measures the average change in selling prices received by domestic producers of goods and services over time. PPIs measure price change from the perspective of the seller.

Balances: i.e. Differences between the percentages of respondents giving positive and negative replies.The indicator is an average of the responses (seasonally adjusted balances) to the questions on business climate and evolution of demand.

Industrial Sentiment is an indicator that measures the mood of consumers or businesses. based on a survey during which respondents rate their opinion on different issues concerning current and future conditions. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the EUR, while a lower than expected number as negative.

Retail Sales measure the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity.

Retail Sales measure the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Retail sales data represents total consumer purchase from retail stores. It provides valuable information about consumer spending which makes up the consumption part of GDP. The most volatile components like autos, gas prices and food prices are often removed from the report to show more underlying demand patterns as changes in sales in these categories are frequently a result of price changes. It is not adjusted for inflation. Spending on services is not included. Rising retail sales indicate stronger economic growth.

Retail sales data represents total consumer purchase from retail stores. It provides valuable information about consumer spending which makes up the consumption part of GDP. The most volatile components like autos, gas prices and food prices are often removed from the report to show more underlying demand patterns as changes in sales in these categories are frequently a result of price changes. It is not adjusted for inflation. Spending on services is not included. Rising retail sales indicate stronger economic growth.

The consumer price index (CPI) is a measure of change in the general level of prices of goods and services bought by households over a specified period of time. It compares a household's cost for a specific basket of finished goods and services with the cost of the same basket during an earlier benchmark period. The consumer price index is used as a measurement of and is a key economic figure. Likely impact: 1) Interest Rates: Larger-than-expected quarterly increase in price inflation or increasing trend is considered inflationary; this will cause bond prices to drop and yields and interest rates to rise. 2) Stock Prices: Higher than expected price inflation is bearish on the stock market as higher inflation will lead to higher interest rates. 3) Exchange Rates: High inflation has an uncertain effect. It would lead to depreciation as higher prices mean lower competitiveness. Conversely, higher inflation causes higher interest rates and a tighter monetary policy that leads to an appreciation.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

An index that measures and tracks the changes in price of goods in the stages before the retail level. Wholesale price indexes (WPIs) report monthly to show the average price changes of goods sold in bulk, and they are a group of the indicators that follow growth in the economy. Although some countries still use the WPIs as a measure of inflation, many countries, including the United States, use the producer price index (PPI) instead.

Employment is the total number of persons above a specified age, who in a short reference period (e.g. a week or a day), were in paid employment or self-employment. Paid employment includes persons who worked in the reference period or who had a job but were temporarily absent from work. Self-employment includes persons who either worked in the reference period or were temporarily absent from work. Series data show evolution of formal employment in Brazil. It is measured by the movements declared in CAGED - Cadastro Geral de Empregados e Desempregados (General Register of Employment and Unemployment) of the Ministry of Labour. There are separate series for thousands of admitted and dismissed employees per month (registered in CAGED), as well as for net, i.e. admitted less dismissed. Totals of admitted, dismissed and net are also broken down to eight main sectors of economic activity according to the IBGE.

The German Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the changes in the price of goods and services purchased by consumers.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The German Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the changes in the price of goods and services purchased by consumers.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) in an index of consumer prices calculated and published by Eurostat, the Statistical Office of the European Union (EU), on the basis of a statistical methodology that has been harmonised across all EU Member States. HICP is a measure of prices used by the Governing Council of EU to define and assess price stability in the euro area as a whole in quantitative terms.The HICP are designed expressly for international comparisons of consumer price inflation across EU Member States. these harmonized inflation figures will be used to inform decisions on which Member States meet price stability convergence criterion for EMU. However, they are not intended to replace existing national Consumer Price Indices (CPIs). The coverage of the indices is based on the EU classification COICOP (classification of individual consumption by purpose).

Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) in an index of consumer prices calculated and published by Eurostat, the Statistical Office of the European Union (EU), on the basis of a statistical methodology that has been harmonised across all EU Member States. HICP is a measure of prices used by the Governing Council of EU to define and assess price stability in the euro area as a whole in quantitative terms.The HICP are designed expressly for international comparisons of consumer price inflation across EU Member States. these harmonized inflation figures will be used to inform decisions on which Member States meet price stability convergence criterion for EMU. However, they are not intended to replace existing national Consumer Price Indices (CPIs). The coverage of the indices is based on the EU classification COICOP (classification of individual consumption by purpose).

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the average yield on the Bons du Trésor à taux fixe or BTF auctioned.

French BTF bills have maturities of up to 1 year. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital.

The yield on the BTF represents the return an investor will receive by holding the treasury for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the average yield on the Bons du Trésor à taux fixe or BTF auctioned.

French BTF bills have maturities of up to 1 year. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital.

The yield on the BTF represents the return an investor will receive by holding the treasury for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the average yield on the Bons du Trésor à taux fixe or BTF auctioned.

French BTF bills have maturities of up to 1 year. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital.

The yield on the BTF represents the return an investor will receive by holding the treasury for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

The Dallas Fed conducts the Texas Manufacturing Outlook Survey monthly to obtain a timely assessment of the state factory activity. Firms are asked whether output, employment, orders, prices and other indicators increased, decreased or remained unchanged over the previous month. Survey responses are used to calculate an index for each indicator. Each index is calculated by subtracting the percentage of respondents reporting a decrease from the percentage reporting an increase. When the share of firms reporting an increase exceeds the share of firms reporting a decrease, the index will be greater than zero, suggesting the indicator has increased over the prior month. If the share of firms reporting a decrease exceeds the share reporting an increase, the index will be below zero,suggesting the indicator has decreased over the prior month. An index will be zero when the number of firms reporting an increase is equal to the number of firms reporting a decrease. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the rate on the Treasury Bill auctioned.

U.S. Treasury Bills have maturities of a few days to one year. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital. The rate on a Treasury Bill represents the return an investor will receive by holding the bill for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the rate on the Treasury Bill auctioned.

U.S. Treasury Bills have maturities of a few days to one year. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital. The rate on a Treasury Bill represents the return an investor will receive by holding the bill for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

Industrial Production measures the change in the total inflation-adjusted value of output produced by manufacturers, mines, and utilities.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the KRW, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the KRW.

Industrial Production measures the change in the total inflation-adjusted value of output produced by manufacturers, mines, and utilities.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the KRW, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the KRW.

Retail Sales measure the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the KRW, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the KRW.

The Service Sector Output shows the volume of production of South Korean service industries. A higher output is considered inflationary, which may indicate a possible interest rates hike.

A reading that is stronger than forecast is generally supportive (bullish) for the KRW, while a weaker than forecast reading is generally negative (bearish) for the KRW.

The jobs/applications ratio measures the ratio between job applications and actual jobs. This is an indicator of the health of employment in the economy. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the JPY, while a lower than expected number as negative.

The Unemployment Rate measures the percentage of the total work force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment during the previous month. The data tends to have a muted impact relative to employment data from other countries because the Japanese economy is more reliant on the industrial sector than personal spending.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the JPY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the JPY.

Industrial Production measures the change in the total inflation-adjusted value of output produced by manufacturers, mines, and utilities.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the JPY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the JPY.

Industrial Production Index is an economic indicator that measures changes in output for the manufacturing, mining, and utilities. Although these sectors contribute only a small portion of GDP, they are highly sensitive to interest rates and consumer demand. This makes Industrial Production an important tool for forecasting future GDP and economic performance. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the JPY, while a lower than expected number as negative.

Industrial Production Index is an economic indicator that measures changes in output for the manufacturing, mining, and utilities. Although these sectors contribute only a small portion of GDP, they are highly sensitive to interest rates and consumer demand. This makes Industrial Production an important tool for forecasting future GDP and economic performance. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the JPY, while a lower than expected number as negative.

In Japan, the year-over-year change in Retail sales compares the aggregated sales of retail goods and services during a certain month to the same month a year ago.

Retail Sales measure the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the JPY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the JPY.

Large Retailers' Sales measures the total value of goods sold in large department stores, chain convenience stores and supermarkets. It is a leading indicator of consumer confidence.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the JPY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the JPY.

The Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (ANZ) Business Confidence measures the current business conditions in New Zealand. It helps to analyze the economic situation in the short term. A rising trend indicates an increase in business investment which may lead to higher levels of output.

It is concluded from a monthly survey of about 1,500 businesses which asks respondents to rate the year ahead economic outlook.

Above 50% indicates optimism, below indicates pessimism.

The Business Outlook is designed to provide a snapshot of business opinions regarding the expected future state of their business and the New Zealand economy overall. It is a monthly sample survey with around 700 respondents. The statistic is a good predictor of the future business situation, even though the survey asks for conditions twelve month hence. However, for items as price of goods and service as well as capacity utilization, the statistics predicts condition three month hence. The Net index (% expecting increase (improve/rise) minus % expecting decrease (worsen/decline). U = no survey is made in January.

Housing credit includes housing loans outstanding to persons by banks, permanentbuilding societies, credit unions, money market corporations and finance companies. Lending and credit to the private non-finance sector (including public trading enterprises) or, where stated, the government sector, by those financial intermediaries whose liabilities are included in broad money.

Private Sector Credit measures the change in the total value of new credit issued to consumers and businesses.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the AUD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the AUD.

Retail Sales measure the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the AUD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the AUD.

The Composite PMI Index measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the both sectors. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector; a reading below 50 indicates contraction. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CNY , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CNY.

China Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) provides an early indication each month of economic activities in the Chinese manufacturing sector.It is compiled by China Federation of Logistics & Purchasing (CFLP) and China Logistics Information Centre (CLIC), based on data collected by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS).Li & Fung Research Centre is responsible for drafting and disseminating the English PMI report. Every month questionnaires are sent to over 700 manufacturing enterprises all over China. The data presented here is compiled from the enterprises responses about their purchasing activities and supply situations. The PMI should be compared to other economic data sources when used in decision-making. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CNY , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CNY.

China Non-Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) provides an early indication each month of economic activities in the Chinese Non-manufacturing sector.It is compiled by China Federation of Logistics & Purchasing (CFLP) and China Logistics Information Centre (CLIC), based on data collected by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS).Li & Fung Research Centre is responsible for drafting and disseminating the English PMI report. Every month questionnaires are sent to over 700 Non-manufacturing enterprises all over China. The data presented here is compiled from the enterprises responses about their purchasing activities and supply situations. The PMI should be compared to other economic data sources when used in decision-making. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CNY , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CNY.

The Chinese HSBC Manufacturing PMI is a composite indicator designed to provide an overall view of activity in the manufacturing sector and acts as an leading indicator for the whole economy. When the PMI is below 50.0 this indicates that the manufacturing economy is declining and a value above 50.0 indicates an expansion of the manufacturing economy.

Flash figures are released approximately 6 business days prior to the end of the month. Final figures overwrite the flash figures upon release and are in turn overwritten as the next Flash is available.

The Chinese HSBC Manufacturing PMI is concluded from a monthly survey of about 430 purchasing managers which asks respondents to rate the relative level of business conditions including employment, production, new orders, prices, supplier deliveries, and inventories.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CNY , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CNY.

Bank Lending measures the change in the total value of outstanding bank loans issued to consumers and businesses. Borrowing and spending are closely correlated with consumer confidence. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the SGD , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the SGD.

M3 Money Supply measures the change in the total quantity of domestic currency in circulation and deposited in banks. An increasing supply of money leads to additional spending, which in turn leads to inflation.

Consumer Price index is the most frequently used indicator of and reflect changes in the cost of acquiring a fixed basket of goods and services by the average consumer. The weights are usually derived from household expenditure surveys. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Construction Orders number checks with 50 representative construction companies in Japan as subjects, the survey uses mail questionnaires to collect the information. The survey data are used to tabulate: amount of orders received (separately for investors and construction type); completed work amount in a month; amount of unfinished construction at the end of the month; and remaining orders received in terms of the number of months. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the JPY, while a lower than expected number as negative.

Housing starts measures the change in the annualized number of new residential buildings that began construction during the reported month. It is a leading indicator of strength in the housing sector.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the JPY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the JPY.

Business expectations of the manufacturing sector. Forcast for the next quarter. A plus sign indicates a positive balance or net upward trend and a minus sign denotes a negative balance or net downward trend. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the SGD , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the SGD.

Retail Sales measure the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity.

Retail Sales measure the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity.

French Consumer Spending measures the change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods expenditures by consumers. Consumer spending accounts for the majority of economic activity.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

GDP measures summary value of goods and services generated in a relevant country or region. A region's gross domestic product, or GDP, is one of the ways for measuring the size of its economy. Expenditure approach - Total expenditures on all finished goods and services produced within the economy. Calculation: GDP using the expenditure approach is derived as the sum of all final expenditures, changes in inventories and exports of goods and services less imports of goods and services. Market influence of GDP Unexpectedly high quarterly GDP growth is perceived to be potentially inflationary if the economy is close to full capacity; this, in turn, causes bond prices to drop and yields and interest rates to rise. Where the stock market is concerned on one side higher than expected growth leads to higher profits and that's good for he stock market.

German Retail Sales measures the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level, excluding automobiles and gas stations. It is the primary indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of economic activity.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

German Retail Sales measures the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level, excluding automobiles and gas stations. It is the primary indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of economic activity.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The definition for an unemployed person is: Persons (16-65 years) who were available for work (except for temporary illness) but did not work during the survey week, and who made specific efforts to find a job within the previous 4 weeks by going to an employment agency, by applying directly to an employer, by answering a job ad, or being on a union or professional register. The percentage number is calculated unemployed / (employed + unemployed). A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the DKK , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the DKK.

M3 Money Supply measures the change in the total quantity of domestic currency in circulation and deposited in banks. An increasing supply of money leads to additional spending, which in turn leads to inflation.

C2 stands for ""Credit from domestic sources in NOK and foreign currency"", ie ""the indicator of gross domestic debt for the non-financial private sector and municipalities in NOK and foreign currency"". In addition to C1, ""Credit from domestic sources in NOK and foreign currency"" (C2) consists of lending to the public in foreign currency by Norwegian financial corporations. All growth rate calculations based on holdings which include foreign currency loans are adjusted for changes in exchange rates in order to eliminate all changes not related to transactions. The growth rate calculations are also adjusted for statistical breaks which are not attributable to transactions or valuation changes. An example of this kind of break could be that a financial enterprise moves from one sector to another.

The terms M1, M2, M3 refer to the monetary aggregates. Monetary Aggregate or money supply is the quantity of money available within the economy to purchase goods, services, and securities. M1: Technically defined this is the sum of: the tender that is held outside banks, travelers checks, checking accounts (but not demand deposits), minus the amount of money in the Federal Reserve float. M2: The sum of: M1, savings deposits (this would include money market accounts from which no checks can be written), small denomination time deposits, retirement accounts. M3: M2 plus long-term deposits held by the domestic private sector. The monetary aggregates have been revised to include promissory notes. The monetary aggregates have always included negotiable certificates of deposit but excluded promissory notes, earlier on.

Credit extended by a country's central bank to domestic borrowers, including the government and commercial banks. An increase in domestic credit tends to increase the stock of money and, ceteris paribus, leads to an outflow of international reserves thereby, in the long run, decreasing the money stock. Total of investments, bills discounted, instalment sale credit, leasing finance, mortagage advances and other loans and advances.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the HUF, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the HUF.

Producer Price Index (PPI) measures a change in the prices of goods and services, over a span of time, either as they leave their place of production oras they enter the production process. PPI measures a change in the prices received by domestic producers for their outputs or the change in the prices paid by domestic producers for their intermediate inputs. Inflation at this producer level often gets passed through to the Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The French Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the changes in the price of goods and services purchased by consumers. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The French Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the changes in the price of goods and services purchased by consumers.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Producer Price Index (PPI) measures the change in the price of goods sold by manufacturers. It is a leading indicator of consumer price inflation, which accounts for the majority of overall inflation.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

The Producer Price Index (PPI) measures the change in the price of goods sold by manufacturers. It is a leading indicator of consumer price inflation, which accounts for the majority of overall inflation.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices, is the same as CPI, but with a joint basket of products for all Eurozone member countries. The impact on the currency may go both ways, a rise in CPI may lead to a rise in interest rates and a rise in local currency, on the other hand, during recession, a rise in CPI may lead to a deepened recession and therefore a fall in local currency.

Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices, is the same as CPI, but with a joint basket of products for all Eurozone member countries. The impact on the currency may go both ways, a rise in CPI may lead to a rise in interest rates and a rise in local currency, on the other hand, during recession, a rise in CPI may lead to a deepened recession and therefore a fall in local currency.

The KOF Leading Indicators Index is designed to predict the direction of the economy over the following six months. The index is a composite reading of 12 economic indicators related to banking confidence, production, new orders, consumer confidence and housing.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CHF, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CHF.

The official reserve assets are assets denominated in foreign currency, readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for meeting balance of payments financing needs, intervening in exchange markets to affect the currency exchange rate, and for other related purposes (such as maintaining confidence in the currency and the economy, and serving as a basis for foreign borrowing). They present a very comprehensive picture on a monthly basis of stocks at market price, transactions, foreign exchange and market revaluations and other changes in volume.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy''s health. A stronger than expected number should be taken as positive for the EUR and a lower than expected number as negative to the EUR. This is the final reading

Balance of payments is a set of accounts recording all economic transactions between the residents of the country and the rest of the world in a given period of time, usually one year. Payments into the country are called credits, payments out of the country are called debits. There are three main components of a balance of payments: - current account - capital account - financial account Either a surplus or a deficit can be shown in any of these components. Current account records the values of the following: - trade balance exports and imports of goods and services - income payments and expenditure interest, dividends, salaries - unilateral transfers aid, taxes, one-way gifts It shows how a country deals with the global economy on a non-investment basis. Balance of payments shows strengths ans weaknesses in a country's economy and therefore helps to achieve balanced economic growth. The release of a balance of payments can have a significant effect on the exchange rate of a national currency against other currencies. It is also important to investors of domestic companies that depend on exports. Positive current account balance is when inflows from its components into the country exceed outflows of the capital leaving the country. Current account surplus may strengthen the demand for local currency. Persistent deficit may lead to a depreciation of a currency.

Exports of goods and services consist of transactions in goods and services (sales, barter, gifts or grants) from residents to non-residents. A function of international trade whereby goods produced in one country are shipped to another country for future sale or trade. The sale of such goods addsto the producing nation's gross output. If used for trade, exports are exchangedfor other products or services. Exports are one of the oldest forms of economic transfer, and occur on a large scale between nations that have fewer restrictions on trade, such as tariffs or subsidies.

Imports of goods and services consist of transactions in goods and services (purchases, barter, gifts or grants) from non-residents to residents. A good or service brought into one country from another. Along with exports, imports form the backbone of international trade. The higher the value of imports entering a country, compared to the value of exports, the more negative that country's balance of trade becomes.

The Private Consumption Index (PCI) measures monthly private consumption expenditure. A rising value reflects increased consumer spending.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the THB, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the THB.

Private Investment Index is a composite index representing private investment conditions. It is constructed from 5 components including construction area permitted in municipal zone, domestic cement sales, import of capital goods at constant price, commercial car sales and domestic machinery sales. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the THB , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the THB.

The Trade Balance measures the difference in value between imported and exported goods and services over the reported period. A positive number indicates that more goods and services were exported than imported.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the THB, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the THB.

Money Supply is the aggregate amount of monetary assets available in a country at a specific time. According to the Financial Times, Money Supply M0 and M1, also known as narrow money, includes coins and notes in circulation and other assets that are easily convertible into cash. Money Supply M2 includes M1 plus short-term time deposits in banks. Money Supply M3 includes M2 plus longer-term time deposits. A higher than expected number should be taken as negative to the MYR while a higher than expected number as negative.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Producer Price Index (PPI) measures the change in the price of goods sold by manufacturers. It is a leading indicator of consumer price inflation, which accounts for the majority of overall inflation. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Producer Price Index (PPI) measures the change in the price of goods sold by manufacturers. It is a leading indicator of consumer price inflation, which accounts for the majority of overall inflation. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CZK, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CZK.

GDP measures summary value of goods and services generated in a relevant country or region. A region's gross domestic product, or GDP, is one of the ways for measuring the size of its economy. Expenditure approach - Total expenditures on all finished goods and services produced within the economy. Calculation: GDP using the expenditure approach is derived as the sum of all final expenditures, changes in inventories and exports of goods and services less imports of goods and services. Market influence of GDP Unexpectedly high quarterly GDP growth is perceived to be potentially inflationary if the economy is close to full capacity; this, in turn, causes bond prices to drop and yields and interest rates to rise. Where the stock market is concerned on one side higher than expected growth leads to higher profits and that's good for the stock market.

This indicator provides the amount spent in Bilions of Usd by Foreign tourists. Tourism revenue is highly important for Turkey as an emerging economy. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the TRY , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the TRY.

Foreign trade statistics include imports, imports with waiver and exports. Import figures include all direct imports to the country for domestic consumption also goods entering the customs area for temporary admission transit transhipment or to be stored in a bonded warehouse and then offered to the domestic market after modification of their import status Exports include goods produced domestically. Foreign trade statistics exclude export and import data obtained from duty-free zones and duty-free shops. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the TRY , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the TRY.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) in an index of consumer prices calculated and published by Eurostat, the Statistical Office of the European Union (EU), on the basis of a statistical methodology that has been harmonised across all EU Member States. HICP is a measure of prices used by the Governing Council of EU to define and assess price stability in the euro area as a whole in quantitative terms.

Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) in an index of consumer prices calculated and published by Eurostat, the Statistical Office of the European Union (EU), on the basis of a statistical methodology that has been harmonised across all EU Member States. HICP is a measure of prices used by the Governing Council of EU to define and assess price stability in the euro area as a whole in quantitative terms.

German Unemployment Change measures the change in the number of unemployed people during the previous month.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR, while lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR.

The German unemployment rate measures the percentage of the total work force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment during the reported month.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR.

The unemployment rate represents the number of unemployed persons expressed as a percentage of the labour force. The unemployment rate for a particular age/sex group is the number of unemployed in that group expressed as a percentage of the labour force for that group.The definition for an unemployed person is: Persons (16-65 years) who were available for work (except for temporary illness) but did not work during the survey week, and who made specific efforts to find a job within the previous 4 weeks by going to an employment agency, by applying directly to an employer, by answering a job ad, or being on a union or professional register. The percentage number is calculated unemployed / (employed + unemployed).

The definition for an unemployed person is: Persons (16-65 years) who were available for work (except for temporary illness) but did not work during the survey week, and who made specific efforts to find a job within the previous 4 weeks by going to an employment agency, by applying directly to an employer, by answering a job ad, or being on a union or professional register. The percentagenumber is calculated unemployed / (employed + unemployed).

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the broadest measure of economic activity and is a key indicator of economic health. The quarterly percent changes in GDP show the growth rate of the economy as a whole.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the broadest measure of economic activity and is a key indicator of economic health. The quarterly percent changes in GDP show the growth rate of the economy as a whole.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the broadest measure of economic activity and is a key indicator of economic health. The quarterly percent changes in GDP show the growth rate of the economy as a whole.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the broadest measure of economic activity and is a key indicator of economic health. The quarterly percent changes in GDP show the growth rate of the economy as a whole.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Current Account index measures the difference in value between exported and imported goods, services and interest payments during the reported month. The goods portion is the same as the monthly Trade Balance figureA higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the TWD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the TWD.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the PLN, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the PLN.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

The impact on the currency may go both ways, a rise in CPI may lead to a rise in interest rates and a rise in local currency, on the other hand, during recession, a rise in CPI may lead to a deepened recession and therefore a fall in local currency.

M3 Money Supply measures the change in the total quantity of domestic currency in circulation and deposited in banks. An increasing supply of money leads to additional spending, which in turn leads to inflation.

The Central Bank Currency Purchase is an economic event in Norway that refers to the acquisition of foreign currency by Norges Bank, the country's central bank. This event has an impact on the country’s foreign exchange reserves and monetary policy.

Central banks often engage in currency purchases to regulate the value of their domestic currency by underpinning or weakening it against foreign currencies. This can be a vital tool in addressing economic imbalances, improving export competitiveness, and maintaining financial stability.

The Norwegian economy, influenced by its reliance on oil exports, experiences fluctuations with global oil price changes. As a result, currency purchases may be used to mitigate the possible adverse effects of these fluctuations on the domestic economy.

Investors and market participants pay close attention to this economic event, as it can cause significant movements in the Norwegian krone and affect financial markets. Additionally, the event can provide insight into the central bank's assessment of the national economy and their monetary policy strategy.

Tourism is a service based industry that applies to people's traveling and staying in a place that is not their usual environment and for the purpose of leisure, not business. It includes such elements as accommodation, food and beverages, souvenirs, tours, transport but also relaxation, adventure, culture. Tourism can substantially impact economic development of both host countries and home countries of tourists. However, consequences can be both positive and negative. Benefits from tourism industry concern: income from tourists expenditures as well as imports and exports of goods and services, contributions to government revenues from taxes put on tourism businesses, stimulation of infrastructure investment and new employment opportunities. However, a country or region should not be dependent only on this one industry. The seasonal character of tourism causes problems such as insecurity of seasonal workers that concern e.g. lack of guarantee of employment in next seasons and therefore difficulties in getting employment related medical benefits. In addition, local residents often experience increase in prices for basic goods and services whereas their income remains unchanged. Moreover, as demand in real estate rises in tourist regions, building costs and land values also go up.

Consumer credit is defined as borrowing by the UK personal sector to finance current expenditure on goods and services. For consumer credit, the UK personal sector comprises individuals only, i.e. housing associations, incorporated businesses and other non-profit making bodies serving persons are excluded. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

M3 Money Supply measures the change in the total quantity of domestic currency in circulation and deposited in banks. An increasing supply of money leads to additional spending, which in turn leads to inflation.

M4 Money Supply measures the change in the total quantity of domestic currency in circulation and deposited in banks. An increasing supply of money leads to additional spending, which in turn leads to inflation.

Mortgage Approvals measures the number of new mortgages approved for home purchases during the previous month by the Bank of England. The data tends to have a limited impact because about 60% of all mortgages are covered by the BBA Mortgage Approvals data released a few days earlier.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

Net lending secured on dwellings include sterling bridging loans made by banks and other specialist lendersA higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy''s health. The impact of Portuguese GDP on the EUR is very small.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The M3 Money Supply is an economic calendar event for Hong Kong that comprises a broader measure of money supply in the nation's economy. It takes into account several financial assets, such as cash, checking deposits, and easily converted near money, to determine the amount of money available for transactions and investment purposes.

This indicator is essential for economists, investors, and policymakers as it provides insights into the overall liquidity and potential inflationary pressures within the Hong Kong economy. The growth or contraction of the M3 Money Supply often affects the financial market, interest rates, and exchange rates by giving clues about the monetary policy trends set by the Hong Kong Monetary Authority.

A higher than expected M3 Money Supply growth rate is usually considered positive for the currency, as it suggests increased economic activity and rising inflationary pressures. On the other hand, a lower than expected growth rate can signal a slowdown in economic activity and reduced inflationary pressures, which may negatively impact the currency value.

The Italian Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Italian Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices, is the same as CPI, but with a joint basket of products for all Eurozone member countries. The impact on the currency may go both ways, a rise in CPI may lead to a rise in interest rates and a rise in local currency, on the other hand, during recession, a rise in CPI may lead to a deepened recession and therefore a fall in local currency.

Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices, is the same as CPI, but with a joint basket of products for all Eurozone member countries. The impact on the currency may go both ways, a rise in CPI may lead to a rise in interest rates and a rise in local currency, on the other hand, during recession, a rise in CPI may lead to a deepened recession and therefore a fall in local currency.

The Producer Price Index (PPI) measures the change in the price of goods sold by manufacturers. It is a leading indicator of consumer price inflation, which accounts for the majority of overall inflation.

Retail sales data represents total consumer purchase from retail stores. It provides valuable information about consumer spending which makes up the consumption part of GDP. Rising retail sales indicate stronger economic growth. However, if the increase is larger than forecast, it may be inflationary. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI), non-seasonally adjusted, is a measure that assesses changes in the price of goods and services purchased by households in the Euro Zone. As a widely followed indicator, the CPI helps in understanding the inflation rate and the purchasing power of consumers in relation to changes in prices.

For this particular event, the CPI data presented is not seasonally adjusted, which means it doesn't account for fluctuations in prices related to seasonal factors. These factors may include, for example, changes in prices due to holiday seasons or seasonal production cycles. As a result, the non-seasonally adjusted CPI gives a less smoothed estimate of inflation, one that more directly reflects the actual variation in prices experienced by consumers.

Analysts, traders, and policymakers pay close attention to the CPI as it can influence monetary policies, business decisions, and investments. A rising CPI signals increasing inflation, which may lead to changes in interest rates or other policy adjustments aimed at controlling price levels, as well as impacting the value of the Euro and financial market expectations.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health. A stronger than expected number should be taken as positive for the EUR and a lower than expected number as negative to the EUR.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The harmonised indices of consumer prices (HICPs) are calculated according to harmonised definitions and therefore provide the best statistical basis for international comparisons of consumer price inflation from the European Union perspective.The HICP for the euro area is the key indicator of price stability recognised by the European Central Bank and the European System of Central Banks.

The accounts compiled by the Pay and Accounts Offices are consolidated on a monthly basis in the Principal Accounts Offices at the Ministry's headquarters. The consolidated accounts of the Ministry are rendered to the Controller Generalof Accounts. The accounts received from various Ministries are consolidated in the office of the Controller General of Accounts to generate the accounts of theGovernment of India as a whole.

Israeli Industrial Production measures the change in the seasonally adjusted Industrial Production Index. Industrial Production Index is an economic indicator that measures changes in output for the manufacturing, mining, and utilities. Although these sectors contribute only a small portion of GDP, they are highly sensitive to interest rates and consumer demand. This makes Industrial Production an important tool for forecasting future GDP and economic performance. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the ILS, while a lower than expected number as negative

The Consumers Price Index (CPI) measures the rate of price change of goods and services purchased by households. It measures changes in the average level of prices over a period of time. In other words, prices indicator of what is happening to prices consumers are paying for items purchased. With a given starting point or base period which is usually taken as 100, the CPI can be used to compare current period consumer prices with those in the base period. Consumer Price index is the most frequently used indicator of and reflect changes in the cost of acquiring a fixed basket of goods and services by the average consumer. The weights are usually derived from household expenditure surveys. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

The impact on the currency may go both ways, a rise in CPI may lead to a rise in interest rates and a rise in local currency, on the other hand, during recession, a rise in CPI may lead to a deepened recession and therefore a fall in local currency.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is one of the indicators of the health of an economy. It is the amount of national debt of a country as a percentage of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP). A low debt-to-GDP ratio indicates an economy that produces a large number of goods and services and probably profits that are high enough to pay back debts. A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the BRL , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the BRL.

Brazil's consolidated public sector comprises the Central Government, regional governments and public enterprises. The nominal (fiscal) budget balance includesdebt servicing costs. For calculation of the nominal result, nominal interest ofthe federal government is included on an accrual basis. Fiscal statistics presented according to the "above the line" criterion applied by the National Treasury Secretariat to consolidate, compile and produce the data.

Brazil's consolidated public sector comprises the Central Government, regional governments and public enterprises. The primary budget balance excludes debt servicing costs (payments of interest and amortizations of the public debt, as well as state and municipal loans). Moreover, the following items are excluded from the calculation of the primary result: interest, earnings on deposits, privatization revenues, cash and credit operations. Fiscal statistics presented according to the "above the line" criterion applied by the National Treasury Secretariat to consolidate, compile and produce the data.

Gross Debt-to-GDP ratio is one of the indicators of the health of an economy. It is the amount of national debt of a country as a percentage of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP). A low Gross Debt-to-GDP ratio indicates an economy that produces a large number of goods and services and probably profits that are high enough to pay back debts. A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the BRL, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the BRL.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the MXN, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the MXN.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the MXN, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the MXN.

The infrastructure sector accounts for 26.68 percent of India's industrial output. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the INR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the INR.

The Producer Price Index (PPI) measures average changes in prices received by domestic producers for their output. It is a leading indicator of consumer price inflation, which accounts for the majority of overall inflation. Usually a rise in PPI will lead in a short time to a rise in CPI and therefore to a rising interest rates and rising currency. during recession, the producers are not able to roll over the rising cost of material to the consumer, so a rise in PPI will not be rolled over to the consumer but will lower the profitablility of the producer and will deepen the recession, that will lead to a fall in local currency.

Exports free on board (f.o.b.) and Imports cost insurance freight (c.i.f.) are,in general, customs statistics reported under the general trade statistics according to the recommendations of the UN International Trade Statistics. For some countries Imports are reported as f.o.b. instead of c.i.f. which is generally accepted. When reporting Imports as f.o.b. you will have the effect of reducing the value of Imports by the amount of the cost of insurance and freight. Monthly import and export figures are unaudited figures obtained from declarations made by importers and exporters of goods. The Customs and Excise Act allows for revisions by importers and exporters for a period up to two years retrospectively. It is not possible to see exactly for what month a particular revision has been made. Revisions are only made to the cumulative figures. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the ZAR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the ZAR.

Employment benefits, also referred to as job perks or fringe benefits, are various forms of non-wage compensation provided to employees in addition to their regular salaries or wages. These benefits can include a range of offerings, such as health care, retirement plans, paid time off, disability insurance, and more.

Companies typically provide employment benefits to attract and retain talent, promote employee well-being, and maintain a competitive edge in the labor market. Employers may frequently adjust or diversify their benefits packages to meet the changing needs of their workforce or to align with prevailing industry standards.

An economic calendar event focusing on employment benefits in the United States may provide insights into various factors affecting the country's job market. Such factors can potentially influence labor force participation, employee satisfaction, productivity, and overall economic health.

The Employment Cost Index measures the change in the price businesses and the government pay for civilian labor.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

Employment Wages is an economic calendar event that provides crucial insights into the wage trends in the United States. This indicator measures the overall hourly earnings of employees in the non-farm business sector, reflecting the health of the job market and the purchasing power of the population.

This data can be significant for investors and policymakers, as changes in wage levels can influence economic growth, inflation, and consumer spending. Higher wages often lead to increased consumer spending, driving economic growth, while stagnant or falling wages can signal a weak labor market and potential economic slowdown.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health. Canada releases fresh GDP data on a monthly basis.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CAD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CAD.

The House Price Index (HPI) is a broad measure of the movement of single-family house prices, with mortgages backed by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac. This report helps to analyze the strength of the US housing market, which helps to analysis the economy as a whole.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

The HPI is published by OFHEO using data provided by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. House price index is a statistic designed to reflect the average change of house prices across the country or a certain area. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the USD, while a lower than expected number as negative

OFHEO's House Price Index (HPI) is a measure designed to capture changes in the value of single-family homes in the U.S. as a whole, in various regions of the country. The HPI is published by OFHEO using data provided by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. House price index is a statistic designed to reflect the average change of house prices across the country or a certain area. It ensures that the relative importance of different property types in different regions remains fixed throughout the life of the index. Different adjustment must be used as no two houses are identical. Therefore characteristics such as physical attributes of a house or its location should be included in the calculation if the index. Rising house prices are likely to increase consumer confidence and consumer spending which lead to rising aggregate demand. This can have two effects. On one hand it causes higher economic growth. However, on the other hand, it might contribute to inflation. Increased consumer spending is usually aimed at imported goods thus higher house prices cause current account deficit.

House price index is a statistic designed to reflect the average change of house prices across the country or a certain area.It ensures that the relative importance of different property types in different regions remains fixed throughout the life of the index. Different adjustment must be used as no two houses are identical. Therefore characteristics such as physical attributes of a house or its location should be included in the calculation if the index. Rising house prices are likely to increase consumer confidence and consumer spending which lead to rising aggregate demand. This can have two effects. On one hand it causes higher economic growth. However, on the other hand, it might contribute to inflation. Increased consumer spending is usually aimed at imported goods thus higher house prices cause current account deficit.

The S&P/Case-Shiller House Price Index measures the change in the selling price of single-family homes in 20 metropolitan areas.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD,while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

The Case-Shiller index prices are measured monthly and tracks repeat sales of houses using a modified version of the weighted-repeat sales methodology proposed by Karl Case and Robert Shiller and Allan Weiss. This means that, to a large extent, it is able to adjust for the quality of the homes sold, unlike simple averages. As a monthly tracking index, Case-Shiller Index has long lag time. Typically, it takes about 2 months for S&P to publish the results, as opposed to 1 month for most other monthly indices and indicators. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the USD, while a lower than expected number as negative.

The figure measures the Changes in the volume of the physical output of the nation's cooper production. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CLP , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CLP.

Manufacturing Production measures the change in the total inflation-adjusted value of output produced by manufacturers A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CLP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CLP.

The Unemployment Rate measures the percentage of the total work force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CLP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CLP.

A measure that examines the weighted average of prices of a basket of consumer goods and services, such as transportation, food and medical care. The CPI is calculated by taking price changes for each item in the predetermined basket of goods and averaging them; the goods are weighted according to their importance. Changes in CPI are used to assess price changes associated with the cost of living.

Industrial Production measures the change in the total inflation-adjusted value of output produced by manufacturers, mines, and utilities.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the THB, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the THB.

The Chicago Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) determines the economic health of the manufacturing sector in Chicago region. A reading above 50 indicates expansion of the manufacturing sector; a reading below indicates contraction. The Chicago PMI can be of some help in forecasting the ISM manufacturing PMI.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

Conference Board (CB) Consumer Confidence measures the level of consumer confidence in economic activity. It is a leading indicator as it can predict consumer spending, which plays a major role in overall economic activity. Higher readings point to higher consumer optimism.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

Consumer Price Index is defined as a measure of the weighted aggregate change in retail prices paid by consumers for a given basket of goods and services. Price changes are measured by re-pricing the same basket of goods and services at regular intervals, and comparing aggregate costs with the costs of the same basket in a selected base period Price data for constructing the indices are collected by Kenya National Bureau of Statistics through a survey of retail prices for consumption goods and services. The percentage change of the CPI over a one-year period is what is usually referred to as

survey responses are used to calculate an index for each indicator. Each index is calculated by subtracting the percentage of respondents reporting a decrease from the percentage reporting an increase. When the share of firms reporting an increase exceeds the share of firms reporting a decrease, the index will be greater than zero, suggesting the indicator has increased over the prior month. If the share of firms reporting a decrease exceeds the share reporting an increase, the index will be below zero, suggesting the indicator has decreased over the prior month. An index will be zero when the number of firms reporting an increase is equal to the number of firms reporting a decrease.

Survey responses are used to calculate an index for each indicator. Each index is calculated by subtracting the percentage of respondents reporting a decrease from the percentage reporting an increase. When the share of firms reporting an increase exceeds the share of firms reporting a decrease, the index will be greater than zero, suggesting the indicator has increased over the prior month. If the share of firms reporting a decrease exceeds the share reporting an increase, the index will be below zero, suggesting the indicator has decreased over the prior month. An index will be zero when the number of firms reporting an increase is equal to the number of firms reporting a decrease.

Balance of payments (BOP) is a set of accounts recording all economic transactions between the residents of the country and the rest of the world in a given period of time, usually one year. Payments into the country are called credits, payments out of the country are called debits. There are three main components of a BOP: - current account - capital account - financial account Current account records the values of the following: - trade balance - exports and imports of goods and services - income payments and expenditure - interest, dividends, salaries - unilateral transfers - aid, taxes, one-way gifts It shows how a country deals with the global economy on a non-investment basis. BOP shows strengths & weaknesses in a country's economy & therefore helps to achieve balanced economic growth. Positive current account balance is when inflows from its components into the country exceed outflows of the capital leaving the country. Current account surplus may strengthen the demand for local currency. Persistent deficit may lead to a depreciation of a currency.

Government deficit or surplus is the net of operating surplus and public debt charges.The budget of a government is a summary or plan of the intended revenues and expenditures of that government. Surplus in general refers to an excess of income over expenditure. Deficit refers to the negative of the budget surplus, thus the excess of expenditure over income. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CAD , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CAD.

The Banco de la Republica Colombia (Bank of Colombia) Monetary Policy Committee's decision on where to set the benchmark interest rate. Traders watch interest rate changes closely as short term interest rates are the primary factor in currency valuation.

A higher than expected rate is positive/bullish for the COP, while a lower than expected rate is negative/bearish for the COP.

SHCP = Secretaria de Hacienday Credito Publico. Public sector includes : Federal Government and organizations and companies under the direct budgetary control and indirect budgetary control.

Employment Change measures the change in the number of people employed. Job creation is an important indicator of consumer spending.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the NZD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the NZD.

The Labor Cost Index measures the change in the price businesses pay for labor, excluding overtime. It is a leading indicator of consumer inflation.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the NZD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the NZD.

The Labor Cost Index measures the change in the price businesses pay for labor, excluding overtime. It is a leading indicator of consumer inflation.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the NZD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the NZD.

The target population for the Household Labour Force Survey is the civilian usually-resident non-institutionalised population aged 15 and over. Before the June 1995 quarter the survey included a sample of individuals living in non-private dwellings such as hotels, boarding houses, tertiary hostels, and motor camps. From the June 1995 quarter onwards, the groups that are excluded from the survey sample are: residents temporarily overseas, those in non-private dwellings, retirement homes, hospitals and psychiatric institutions, prisons, penal institutions and police lock-up; members of the permanent armed forces; non-New Zealand armed forces; overseas diplomats; overseas visitors who expect to be resident in New Zealand for less than 12 months; those aged under 15 years of age; and people living on offshore islands (except for Waiheke Island).

The Unemployment Rate measures the percentage of the total work force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment during the previous quarter.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the NZD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the NZD.

The Australian Industry Group (AIG) Construction Index rates the relative level of business conditions among construction companies. On the index, a reading above 50 indicates industry expansion, below indicates contraction.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the AUD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the AUD.

The Australian Industry Group (AIG) Manufacturing index rates the relative level of business conditions in the sector. The data is based on a survey of about 200 manufacturers. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector; below 50 indicates contraction. Traders watch these surveys closely as purchasing managers usually have early access to data about their company’s performance, which can be a leading indicator of overall economic performance.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the AUD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the AUD.

Exports of goods and services consist of transactions in goods and services (sales, barter, gifts or grants) from residents to non-residents. Exports free on board (f.o.b.) and imports cost insurance freight (c.i.f.) are, in general, customs statistics reported under the general trade statistics according to the recommendations of the UN International Trade Statistics.

A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the KRW, while a lower than expected number as negative.

Exports free on board (f.o.b.) and Imports cost insurance freight (c.i.f.) are, in general, customs statistics reported under the general trade statistics according to the recommendations of the UN International Trade Statistics. For some countries Imports are reported as f.o.b. instead of c.i.f. which is generally accepted. When reporting Imports as f.o.b. you will have the effect of reducing the value of Imports by the amount of the cost of insurance and freight.

A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the KRW, while a lower than expected number as negative.

The Trade Balance measures the difference in value between imported and exported goods and services over the reported period. A positive number indicates that more goods and services were exported than imported.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the KRW, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the KRW.

The PMI Report on Manufacturing is a monthly publication, researched & published by Markit.The survey covers industrial sectors based on Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) groups; Chemicals, Electrical, Food/Drink, Mechanical Engineering, Metals, Textiles, Timber/Paper, Transport, Other.The results are presented by question asked, showing the % of respondents reporting an improvement, deterioration or no-change since the previous month. From these %, an index is derived such that a level of 50.0 signals no-change since the previous month. Above 50.0 signals an increase (or improvement), below 50.0 a decrease (or deterioration). The greater the divergence from 50.0, the greater the rate of change signaled.

The Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the manufacturing sector. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector; below 50 indicates contraction. Traders watch these surveys closely as purchasing managers usually have early access to data about their company’s performance, which can be a leading indicator of overall economic performance.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the JPY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the JPY.

Retail trade is a form of trade in which goods are mainly purchased and resold to the consumer or end-user, generally in small quantities and in the state in which they were purchased (or following minor transformations). A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Purchasing Managers Index is a monthly survey of business conditions, using identical survey methodology in each country participating in the surveys. Markit produces the Greek Purchasing Managers Index in association with the Hellenic Purchasing Institute (HPI). Each month questionnaires are sent to a panel of 300 companies, selected to accurately reflect the structure of the manufacturing sector. Data are collected relating to: output, new orders, export orders, quantity of goods purchased, input prices, supplier delivery performance, stocks of goods purchased, stocks of finished goods and employment. Several of the above series are combined together to form a single composite indicator of the manufacturing sector - the Purchasing Managers Index.

The Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the manufacturing sector. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector; below 50 indicates contraction. Traders watch these surveys closely as purchasing managers usually have early access to data about their company’s performance, which can be a leading indicator of overall economic performance.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

The ADP National Employment Report is a measure of the monthly change in non-farm, private employment, based on the payroll data of approximately 400,000 U.S. business clients. The release, two days ahead of government data, is a good predictor of the government's non-farm payroll report. The change in this indicator can be very volatile.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

The Index (PMI) measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the services sector. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the manufacturing sector; a reading below 50 indicates contraction. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CAD , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CAD.

The Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the manufacturing sector. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector; below 50 indicates contraction. Traders watch these surveys closely as purchasing managers usually have early access to data about their company’s performance, which can be a leading indicator of overall economic performance. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

The Construction Spending index measures the change in the total amount spent on construction. The data is subject to large revisions and as such, this report rarely has any market impact.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

The Institute of Supply Management (ISM) Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) Report on Business is based on data compiled from monthly replies to questions asked of purchasing and supply executives in over 400 industrial companies. For each of the indicators measured (New Orders, Backlog of Orders, New Export Orders, Imports, Production, Supplier Deliveries, Inventories, Customers Inventories, Employment, and Prices), this report shows the percentage reporting each response, the net difference between the number of responses in the positive economic direction and the negative economic direction and the diffusion index. Responses are raw data and are never changed.

The diffusion index includes the percent of positive responses plus one-half of those responding the same (considered positive). The resulting single index number is then seasonally adjusted to allow for the effects of repetitive intra-year variations resulting primarily from normal differences in weather conditions, various institutional arrangements, and differences attributable to non-moveable holidays. All seasonal adjustment factors are supplied by the U.S. Department of Commerce and are subject annually to relatively minor changes when conditions warrant them.

The PMI is a composite index based on the seasonally adjusted diffusion indices for five of the indicators with varying weights: New Orders --30% Production --25% Employment --20% Supplier Deliveries --15% and Inventories -- 10%.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

The Manufacturing ISM Report On Business is based on data compiled from monthly replies to questions asked of purchasing and supply executives in over 400 industrial companies.For each of the indicators measured (New Orders, Backlog of Orders, New Export Orders, Imports, Production, Supplier Deliveries, Inventories, Customers Inventories, Employment, and Prices), this report shows the percentage reporting each response,the net difference between the number of responses in the positive economic directionand the negative economic direction and the diffusion index. Responses are raw data and are never changed. The diffusion index includes the percent of positive responses plus one-half of those responding the same (considered positive). The resulting single index number is then seasonally adjusted to allow for the effects of repetitive intra-year variations resulting primarily from normal differences in weather conditions, various institutional arrangements, and differences attributable to non-moveable holidays. All seasonal adjustment factors are supplied by the U.S. Department of Commerce and are subject annually to relatively minor changes when conditions warrant them. The PMI is a composite index based on the seasonally adjusted diffusion indices for five of the indicators with varying weights: New Orders --30% Production --25% Employment --20% Supplier Deliveries --15% and Inventories -- 10%.

The Institute of Supply Management (ISM) Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) Report on Business is based on data compiled from monthly replies to questions asked of purchasing and supply executives in over 400 industrial companies. For each of the indicators measured (New Orders, Backlog of Orders, New Export Orders, Imports, Production, Supplier Deliveries, Inventories, Customers Inventories, Employment, and Prices), this report shows the percentage reporting each response, the net difference between the number of responses in the positive economic direction and the negative economic direction and the diffusion index. Responses are raw data and are never changed.

The diffusion index includes the percent of positive responses plus one-half of those responding the same (considered positive). The resulting single index number is then seasonally adjusted to allow for the effects of repetitive intra-year variations resulting primarily from normal differences in weather conditions, various institutional arrangements, and differences attributable to non-moveable holidays. All seasonal adjustment factors are supplied by the U.S. Department of Commerce and are subject annually to relatively minor changes when conditions warrant them.

The PMI is a composite index based on the seasonally adjusted diffusion indices for five of the indicators with varying weights: New Orders --30% Production --25% Employment --20% Supplier Deliveries --15% and Inventories -- 10%.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

The Institute of Supply Management (ISM) Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) Report on Business is based on data compiled from monthly replies to questions asked of purchasing and supply executives in over 400 industrial companies. For each of the indicators measured (New Orders, Backlog of Orders, New Export Orders, Imports, Production, Supplier Deliveries, Inventories, Customers Inventories, Employment, and Prices), this report shows the percentage reporting each response, the net difference between the number of responses in the positive economic direction and the negative economic direction and the diffusion index. Responses are raw data and are never changed.

The diffusion index includes the percent of positive responses plus one-half of those responding the same (considered positive). The resulting single index number is then seasonally adjusted to allow for the effects of repetitive intra-year variations resulting primarily from normal differences in weather conditions, various institutional arrangements, and differences attributable to non-moveable holidays. All seasonal adjustment factors are supplied by the U.S. Department of Commerce and are subject annually to relatively minor changes when conditions warrant them.

The PMI is a composite index based on the seasonally adjusted diffusion indices for five of the indicators with varying weights: New Orders --30% Production --25% Employment --20% Supplier Deliveries --15% and Inventories -- 10%.

The Prices Paid subcategory is a diffusion index calculated by adding the percent of responses indicating they paid more for inputs plus one-half of those responding that they paid the same for inputs. The resulting single index number is then seasonally adjusted.

The Prices Paid diffusion index is one of a number of indicators pointing to the degree of inflationary pressures in the economy.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

A survey done by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics to help measure job vacancies. It collects data from employers about their businesses' employment, job openings, recruitment, hires and separations.

JOLTS defines Job Openings as all positions that are open (not filled) on the last business day of the month. A job is "open" only if it meets all three of the following conditions:

1. A specific position exists and there is work available for that position.

2. The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the establishment finds a suitable candidate during that time.

3. There is active recruiting for workers from outside the establishment location that has the opening.

A reading that is stronger than forecast is generally supportive (bullish) for the USD, while a weaker than forecast reading is generally negative (bearish) for the USD.

Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) members vote on where to set the rate. Traders watch interest rate changes closely as short term interest rates are the primary factor in currency valuation.

A higher than expected rate is positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected rate is negative/bearish for the USD.

The Trade Balance measures the difference in value between imported and exported goods and services over the reported period. A positive number indicates that more goods and services were exported than imported.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the BRL, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the BRL.

Building Consents (also known as Building Permits) measures the change in the number of new building consents issued by the government. Building consents are a key indicator of demand in the housing market.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the NZD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the NZD.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the KRW, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the KRW.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the KRW, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the KRW.

Monetary Base measures the change in the total amount of domestic currency in circulation and current account deposits held at the Bank of Japan. An increasing supply of money leads to additional spending, which in turn leads to inflation.

The PMI index measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the manufacturing sector. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector; below indicates contraction. Traders watch these surveys closely as purchasing managers usually have early access to data about their company’s performance, which can be a leading indicator of overall economic performance. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the KRW , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the KRW.

The PMI index measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the manufacturing sector. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector; below indicates contraction. Traders watch these surveys closely as purchasing managers usually have early access to data about their company’s performance, which can be a leading indicator of overall economic performance. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the PHP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the PHP.

The Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the manufacturing sector. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector; below 50 indicates contraction. Traders watch these surveys closely as purchasing managers usually have early access to data about their company’s performance, which can be a leading indicator of overall economic performance.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the TWD while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the TWD.

The PMI index measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the manufacturing sector. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector; below indicates contraction. Traders watch these surveys closely as purchasing managers usually have early access to data about their company’s performance, which can be a leading indicator of overall economic performance.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the IDR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the IDR.

The Building Approvals report is a significant economic indicator in Australia, offering insights into the development and growth of the housing sector. This data provides estimations of future construction activity, and by extension, the wellbeing of the construction industry. The number of buildings approved for construction helps analysts to evaluate job prospects in the sector and to predict if any fluctuations in the housing market are imminent.

Building approvals also indicate the confidence level of builders and can reflect expectations about the economy’s overall health. A high number of approvals might suggest high future investment in construction and therefore overall economic growth. Conversely, a decrease might signal a decline in the construction sector and potentially wider economic troubles. For these reasons, the Building Approvals report is closely watched by economists, investors, and policy makers alike.

Building Approvals (also known as Building Permits) measures the change in the number of new building approvals issued by the government. Building permits are key indicator of demand in the housing market.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the AUD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the AUD.

Construction industry provides information on construction output and activity. Such information gives an insight into the supply on the housing and construction market. Rising number of new construction starts or value of construction completed reflects higher consumer and business optimism. Expanding construction indicates growth in the housing market and predicts an increase in the overall economy. However, an excessive supply of new buildings may result in a drop in housing prices. The construction industry is one of the first to go into a recession when the economy declines but also to recover as conditions improve. Statistics of building work approved are compiled from: permits issued by local government authorities; contracts let or day labour work authorised by Commonwealth, State, semi-government and local government authorities; major building activity in areas not subject to normal administrative approval e.g. building on remote mine sites.

The Core Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the changes in the price of goods and services, excluding food and energy. The CPI measures price change from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends and inflation. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the IDR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the IDR.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends and inflation. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the IDR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the IDR.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends and inflation.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the IDR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the IDR.

The Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) is a composite indicator designed to provide an overall view of activity in the manufacturing sector and acts as an leading indicator for the whole economy. The PMI is a composite index based on the diffusion indexes for the following five indicators and their weight: New orders - 0.3, Output - 0.25 , Employment - 0.2, Suppliers delivery times - 0.15 and Stock of items purchased - 0.1 with the Delivery times index inverted so that it moves in a comparable direction. When PMI is below 50.0 this indicates that the manufacturing economy is declining and a value above 50.0 indicates an expansion of the manufacturing economy. The individual survey indexes have been seasonally adjusted using the US Bureau of Census X-11 programme. The seasonally adjusted series are then used to calculate the seasonally adjusted PMI. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the INR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the INR.

The Japanese Household Confidence indicator is a measure of the mood of consumers.

The index is based on data collected from a survey of around 5000 households.

The consumer confidence indicator is closely linked to consumer spending and correlated with personal income, purchasing power, employment and business conditions.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the JPY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the JPY.

The Russian HSBC Manufacturing PMI is a composite indicator designed to provide an overall view of activity in the manufacturing sector and acts as an leading indicator for the whole economy. When the PMI is below 50.0 this indicates that the manufacturing economy is declining and a value above 50.0 indicates an expansion of the manufacturing economy.

Flash figures are released approximately 6 business days prior to the end of the month. Final figures overwrite the flash figures upon release and are in turn overwritten as the next Flash is available.

The HSBC Manufacturing PMI is concluded from a monthly survey of hundreds of purchasing managers, which asks respondents to rate the relative level of business conditions including employment, production, new orders, prices, supplier deliveries, and inventories.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the RUB , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the RUB.

The Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the manufacturing sector. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector; below 50 indicates contraction. Traders watch these surveys closely as purchasing managers usually have early access to data about their company’s performance, which can be a leading indicator of overall economic performance. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the SEK , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the SEK.

Retail Sales measure the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CHF, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CHF.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

The impact on the currency may go both ways, a rise in CPI may lead to a rise in interest rates and a rise in local currency, on the other hand, during recession, a rise in CPI may lead to a deepened recession and therefore a fall in local currency.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CHF, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CHF.

Trade balance, called also net export, is the difference between the value of country's exports and imports, over a period of time. A positive balance (trade surplus) means that exports exceed imports, a negative one means the opposite. Positive trade balance illustrates high competitiveness of country's economy. This strengthens investors' interest in the local currency, appreciating its exchange rate.

Purchasing managers are asked a series of questions that measure whether business conditions have improved, deteriorated or remained unchanged from the previous month. Results are calculated as diffusion indices. These are calculated as the percentage of respondents indicating an improvement, plus an addition of half the percentage of respondents indicating no change. Diffusion indices differ from percentage balances in that they do not effectively exclude the findings of those who reported no change. An index reading of 100 indicates that all informants expect an increase and a score of zero indicates that all informants expect a decrease. A score of 50 shows that informants are either equally divided between those expecting an increase and those expecting a decrease or that all respondents report no change in activity in comparison with theprevious month.

The Istanbul Chamber of Industry Turkey Manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) is a significant economic indicator that provides a timely overview of business conditions in the Turkish manufacturing sector. It is a composite single-figure measure of manufacturing performance, derived from indicators for new orders, output, employment, suppliers’ delivery Times, and stocks of purchases.

The index helps analysts, investors and policy makers to understand the health of the manufacturing sector. A PMI reading above 50 suggests the sector is expanding, while a reading below 50 indicates a contraction. This data can give crucial insight into the country's overall economic health and it's often used for making economic decisions and formulating business strategies.

The PMI is a composite index based on the diffusion indexes for the following five indicators, with varying judgmental weights applied: new orders - 30 percent; production - 25 percent, employment - 20 percent, supplier deliveries - 15 percent and inventories - 10 percent. Diffusion indexes are convenient summary measures showing the prevailing direction of change and the scope of change. They fluctuate from 0-100%. For any of the business survey indicators, an index reading of 50% indicates no change in the aggregate series being measured, because an equal number of committee members reported increases and decreases. An index reading above 50% indicates that the economy, or that indicator of the economy, is generally expanding and below 50%, generally declining. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the HUF , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the HUF.

The Spanish Manufacturing PMI is a composite indicator designed to provide an overall view of activity in the manufacturing sector and acts as an leading indicator for the whole economy. When PMI is below 50.0 this indicates that the manufacturing economy is declining and a value above 50.0 indicates an expansion of the manufacturing economy. The individual survey indexes have been seasonally adjusted using the US Bureau of Census X-11 program. The seasonally adjusted series are then used to calculate the seasonally adjusted PMI. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

procure.ch Purchasing Manager's Index (PMI) measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the manufacturing sector. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector; a reading below 50 indicates contraction. Traders watch these surveys closely as purchasing managers usually have early access to data about their company’s performance, which can be a leading indicator of overall economic performance. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CHF, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CHF.

The Index (PMI) measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the manufacturing sector. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector; a reading below 50 indicates contraction. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Italian Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the manufacturing sector. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector; below indicates contraction. Traders watch these surveys closely as purchasing managers usually have early access to data about their company’s performance, which can be a leading indicator of overall economic performance. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The French Manufacturing Purchasing Manager's Index (PMI) measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the manufacturing sector. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector; a reading below 50 indicates contraction. Traders watch these surveys closely as purchasing managers usually have early access to data about their company’s performance, which can be a leading indicator of overall economic performance.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The German Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the manufacturing sector. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector; below indicates contraction. Traders watch these surveys closely as purchasing managers usually have early access to data about their company’s performance, which can be a leading indicator of overall economic performance.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Producer Price Index (PPI) measures the change in the price of goods sold by manufacturers. It is a leading indicator of consumer price inflation, which accounts for the majority of overall inflation.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Producer Price Index (PPI) measures the change in the price of goods sold by manufacturers. It is a leading indicator of consumer price inflation, which accounts for the majority of overall inflation.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The PMI measures changes in activity in Norwegian industry based on monthly surveys carried out among 300 purchasing managers in the manufacturing industry. It is the weighted average of five different subindices regarding the conditions in purchase; production, order books, stock of purchases, delivery time and workforce. A reading in excess of 50 indicates positive sentiment among a majority of respondent companies, while a figure below 50 points to negative expectations. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the NOK , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the NOK.

The Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the manufacturing sector. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector; below 50 indicates contraction. Traders watch these surveys closely as purchasing managers usually have early access to data about their company’s performance, which can be a leading indicator of overall economic performance.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the HKD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the HKD.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the HKD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the HKD.

The definition for an unemployed person is: Persons (16-65 years) who were available for work (except for temporary illness) but did not work during the survey week, and who made specific efforts to find a job within the previous 4 weeks by going to an employment agency, by applying directly to an employer, by answering a job ad, or being on a union or professional register. The percentage number is calculated unemployed / (employed + unemployed). A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR.

Unemployment is the total number of all persons above a specified age, who in a short reference period were: not employed, available for work (either for paid work or for self employment) and were seeking work (were actively searching for employment or taking active steps towards self-employment).The definition for anunemployed person is: Persons (16-65 years) who were available for work (except for temporary illness) but did not work during the survey week, and who made specific efforts to find a job within the previous 4 weeks by going to an employment agency, by applying directly to an employer, by answering a job ad, or being on a union or professional register.

The Unemployment Rate measures the percentage of the total work force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment during the previous quarter. A higher than expected reading should be taken as negitive/bearish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR.

The car registrations published by the European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association (ACEA) describe the number of new passenger car registrations in the United Kingdom. If the number increases, this is a sign of increasing consumption. At the same time, British carmakers are earning more money, leading to rising profits. This generally boosts the economy - and vice versa. If car registrations are higher than expected, this usually leads to a rising pound (GBP) exchange rate on the currency markets. Conversely, the pound exchange rate (GBP) falls if new registrations are lower than expected or if expectations are missed.

The car registrations published by the European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association (ACEA) describe the number of new passenger car registrations in the United Kingdom. If the number increases, this is a sign of increasing consumption. At the same time, British carmakers are earning more money, leading to rising profits. This generally boosts the economy - and vice versa. If car registrations are higher than expected, this usually leads to a rising pound (GBP) exchange rate on the currency markets. Conversely, the pound exchange rate (GBP) falls if new registrations are lower than expected or if expectations are missed.

Balance of payments is a set of accounts recording all economic transactions between the residents of the country and the rest of the world in a given period of time, usually one year. Payments into the country are called credits, payments out of the country are called debits. There are three main components of a balance of payments: - current account - capital account - financial account Either a surplus or a deficit can be shown in any of these components. Current account records the values of the following: - trade balance -exports and imports of goods and services - income payments and expenditure -interest, dividends, salaries - unilateral transfers -aid, taxes, one-way gifts. It shows how a country deals with the global economy on a non-investment basis. Balance of payments shows strengths and weaknesses in a country's economy and therefore helps to achieve balanced economic growth.

Challenger Job Cuts, released by Challenger, Grey & Christmas monthly, provides information on the number of announced corporate layoffs by industry and region. The report is an indicator used by investors to determine the strength of the labor market. A lower than expected number should be taken as positive to the USD, while a higher than expected number as negative

The Current Account index measures the difference in value between exported and imported goods, services and interest payments during the reported month. The goods portion is the same as the monthly Trade Balance figureBecause foreigners must buy the domestic currency to pay for the nation's exports the data can have a sizable affect on the BRL. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the BRL , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the BRL.

 Foreign direct investment are the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series shows net outflows of investment from the reporting economy to the rest of the world and is divided by GDP. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the BRL, while a lower than expected number as negative.

The budget of a government is a summary or plan of the intended revenues and expenditures of that government. Surplus in general refers to an excess of income over expenditure. Deficit refers to the negative of the budget surplus, thus the excess of expenditure over income.Do not include net lending (revenues including repayments and expenditure lends).

Nonfarm Productivity measures the annualized change in labor efficiency when producing goods and services, excluding the farming industry. Productivity and labor-related inflation are directly linked-a drop in a worker's productivity is equivalent to a rise in their wage.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

The Trade Balance measures the difference in value between imported and exported goods and services over the reported period. A positive number indicates that more goods and services were exported than imported.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

Unit Labor Costs measure the annualized change in the price businesses pay for labor, excluding the farming industry. It is a leading indicator of consumer inflation.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

 The exports number provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise exports on an f.o.b. (free on board) basis. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the CAD, while a lower than expected number as negative

The Imports number measures any good or service brought into one country from another country in a legitimate fashion, typically for use in trade. Import goods or services are provided to domestic consumers by foreign producers. A lower than expected number should be taken as positive to the CAD, while a higher than expected number as negative

The Trade Balance measures the difference in value between imported and exported goods and services over the reported period. A positive number indicates that more goods and services were exported than imported.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CAD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CAD.

The Economic Activity Index provides an early estimate for real gross domestic (GDP) performance in Chile.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CLP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CLP.

The Czech National Bank (CNB) Monetary Policy Committee's decision on where to set the benchmark interest rate. Traders watch interest rate changes closely as short term interest rates are the primary factor in currency valuation.

A higher than expected rate is positive/bullish for the CZK, while a lower than expected rate is negative/bearish for the CZK.

The HSBC Brazil Manufacturing PMI is based on data compiled from monthly replies to questionnaires sent to purchasing executives in around 400 manufacturing companies. The panel is stratified geographically and by Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) group, based on industry contribution to Brazilian GDP. Survey responses reflect the change, if any, in the current month compared to the previous month based on data collected mid-month.An index reading above 50 indicates an overall increase in that variable, below 50 an overall decrease.

The Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the manufacturing sector. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector; below 50 indicates contraction. Traders watch these surveys closely as purchasing managers usually have early access to data about their company's performance, which can be a leading indicator of overall economic performance. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the SGD , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the SGD.

New orders measure the value of orders received in a given period of time. They are legally binding contracts between a consumer and a producer for delivering goods and services. New orders indicate future industrial output and production requirements.The Manufacturers Shipments, Inventories, and Orders (M3) survey provides broad-based, monthly statistical data on economic conditions in the domestic manufacturing sector. There are 89 separately tabulated industry categories in the M3 survey. These categories are groupings of the 473 manufacturing industries as defined in the 1997 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Manual. The monthly M3 estimates are based on information obtained from most manufacturing companies with $500 million or more in annual shipments. In order to strengthen the sample coverage in individual industry categories, the survey includes selected smaller companies. Value of Shipments - The value of shipments data in the M3 survey represents net selling values, f.o.b. plant, after discounts and allowances and excluding freight charges and excise taxes.

The Durables Excluding Transport event is an important economic indicator that measures the change in the total value of new purchase orders placed with manufacturers for durable goods, excluding transportation items. Durable goods are products that have a lifespan of three years or more, such as machinery, equipment, vehicles, and electronics.

This event provides insights into manufacturing activity and consumer demand for long-lasting goods. Since transportation items, such as aircraft and automobiles, can cause significant volatility in the data due to their high ticket prices and fluctuating demand, excluding these items gives a clearer picture of the overall health of the durable goods manufacturing sector.

Higher values for Durables Excluding Transport indicate increased demand for durable goods and signal potential growth in manufacturing and economic activity. Conversely, lower values may suggest decreased demand and a slowdown in the economy. Investors and policymakers closely monitor this indicator as it influences investment strategies and guides monetary policy decisions.

Factory Orders measures the change in the total value of new purchase orders placed with manufacturers. The report also includes a revision of the Durable Goods Orders data released about a week earlier as well as data new data on non-durable goods orders.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

Factory Orders measures the change in the total value of new purchase orders placed with manufacturers, but excluding all orders related to the transportation industry. The report also includes a revision of the Durable Goods Orders data released about a week earlier as well as data new data on non-durable goods orders. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the USD, while a lower than expected number as negative.

The HSBC Manufacturing PMI is based on data compiled from monthly replies to questionnaires sent to purchasing executives in around 400 manufacturing companies. The panel is stratified geographically and by Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) group, based on industry contribution to Brazilian GDP. Survey responses reflect the change, if any, in the current month compared to the previous month based on data collected mid-month.An index reading above 50 indicates an overall increase in that variable, below 50 an overall decrease.

Currency Reserves is an economic calendar event in Denmark that represents the total value of a country's foreign currency holdings and assets, including foreign banknotes, government bonds, gold reserves, and special drawing rights at the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

Foreign currency reserves are primarily held to facilitate international transactions, promote economic stability, and maintain a country's reputation in the global economy. A high level of currency reserves can help the Danish government stabilize the exchange rate and support the national currency in times of economic volatility.

Investors and analysts pay close attention to currency reserves data, as changes in these reserves can influence the relative value of the national currency, affect domestic interest rates, and impact the overall economic outlook. Sudden movements in currency reserves may signal potential government intervention in the foreign exchange market or adjustments to monetary policy.

The survey covers transport & communication, financial intermediation, business services, personal services, computing & IT and hotels & restaurants. Each response received is weighted according to the size of the company to which the questionnaire refers & the contribution to total service sector output accounted for by the sub-sector to which that company belongs. This therefore ensures that replies from larger companies have a greater impact on the final index numbers than replies from small companies.The results are presented by question asked, showing the % of respondents reporting an improvement, deterioration or no-change since the previous month. From these %, an index is derived such that a level of 50.0 signals no-change since the previous month. Above 50.0 signals an increase (or improvement),below 50.0 a decrease(or deterioration).The greater the divergence from 50.0, the greater the rate of change signaled.

The S&P Global Composite Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) is a highly-regarded economic indicator that measures the month-to-month changes in global business activity. It is derived from a survey conducted among business executives from various industries worldwide. The index gauges their outlook on current and future business conditions, including new orders, production levels, inventory levels, employment, and supplier deliveries.

A PMI reading above 50 signifies expansion in business activity, while a reading below 50 indicates contraction. The S&P Global Composite PMI is an important tool for investors, policymakers, and analysts to assess the health of the global economy and forecast potential trends. The results of this index can impact financial markets and influence economic decisions in the United Arab Emirates due to its integration with the global economy.

Retail Sales measure the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the SGD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the SGD.

Retail Sales measure the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the SGD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the SGD.

The Services PMI (Purchasing Managers' Index) is an important economic indicator that measures the overall health of the services sector in Sweden. The index is based on a survey conducted among purchasing managers in various service industries, including finance, healthcare, retail, and hospitality, among others.

A PMI reading above 50 indicates that the services sector is expanding, and a reading below 50 signifies contraction. A higher-than-expected PMI reading is generally seen as positive for the Swedish economy, as it suggests increased business activity and growth in the services sector. Conversely, a lower-than-expected PMI reading may indicate a slowdown in the sector's growth, potentially impacting employment and overall economic performance.

Investors and analysts closely watch the Services PMI announcement, as it can influence the Swedish financial market, such as currency exchange rates and stock market performance. By keeping track of this economic calendar event, market participants can gain insights into the health of the services sector and make informed decisions on their investment strategies.

The French Government Budget Balance measures the difference in value between the government's income and expenditure for the year-to-date. A negative number indicates a budget deficit, while a positive number indicates a surplus.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

French Industrial Production measures the change in the total inflation-adjusted value of output produced by French manufacturers, mines, and utilities.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

The impact on the currency may go both ways, a rise in CPI may lead to a rise in interest rates and a rise in local currency, on the other hand, during recession, a rise in CPI may lead to a deepened recession and therefore a fall in local currency.

The Consumers Price Index (CPI) measures the rate of price change of goods and services purchased by households. It measures changes in the average level of prices over a period of time with a given starting point or base period which is usually taken as 100. the CPI can be used to compare current period consumer prices with those in the base period. Consumer Price index is the most frequently used indicator of and reflect changes in the cost of acquiring a fixed basket of goods and services by the average consumer. The weights are usually derived from household expenditure surveys. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the TRY , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the TRY.

The Producer Price Index (PPI) measures average changes in prices received by domestic producers for their output. It is a leading indicator of consumer price inflation, which accounts for the majority of overall inflation. Usually a rise in PPI will lead in a short time to a rise in CPI and therefore to a rising interest rates and rising currency. during recession, the producers are not able to roll over the rising cost of material to the consumer, so a rise in PPI will not be rolled over to the consumer but will lower the profitablility of the producer and will deepen the recession, that will lead to a fall in local currency.

Producer Price Index (PPI) measures a change in the prices of goods and services, over a span of time, either as they leave their place of production or as they enter the production process. PPI measures a change in the prices received by domestic producers for their outputs or the change in the prices paid by domestic producers for their intermediate inputs. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the TRY , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the TRY.

The PMI monthly Composite Reports on Manufacturing and Services are based on surveys of over 300 business executives in private sector manufacturing companies and also 300 private sector services companies. Data is usually released on the third working day of each month. Each response is weighted according to the size of the company and its contribution to total manufacturing or services output accounted for by the sub-sector to which that company belongs. Replies from larger companies have a greater impact on the final index numbers than those from small companies. Results are presented by question asked, showing the percentage of respondents reporting an improvement, deterioration or no change since the previous month. From these percentages, an index is derived: a level of 50.0 signals no change since the previous month, above 50.0 signals an increase (or improvement), below 50.0 a decrease.

The German Services Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the services sector.

The report is based on surveys of over 300 business executives in private sector services companies.

Data is usually released on the third working day of each month. Each response is weighted according to the size of the company and its contribution to total manufacturing or services output accounted for by the sub-sector to which that company belongs.

Replies from larger companies have a greater impact on the final index numbers than those from small companies. Results are presented by question asked, showing the percentage of respondents reporting an improvement, deterioration or no change since the previous month. From these percentages, an index is derived: a level of 50.0 signals no change since the previous month, above 50.0 signals an increase (or improvement), below 50.0 a decrease (or contraction).

Traders watch these surveys closely as purchasing managers usually have early access to data about their company’s performance, which can be a leading indicator of overall economic performance.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Italian unemployment rate measures the percentage of the total work force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment during the previous month. This data tends to have a muted impact since there are several earlier indicators related to the euro zone labor market.

The consumer price index (CPI) is a measure of change in the general level of prices of goods and services bought by households over a specified period of time. It compares a household's cost for a specific basket of finished goods and services with the cost of the same basket during an earlier benchmark period. The consumer price index is used as a measurement of inflation and is a key economic figure. Likely impact: 1) Interest Rates: Larger-than-expected quarterly increase in price inflation or increasing trend is considered inflationary; this will cause bond prices to drop and yields and interest rates to rise. 2) Stock Prices: Higher than expected price inflation is bearish on the stock market as higher inflation will lead to higher interest rates. 3) Exchange Rates: High inflation has an uncertain effect. It would lead to depreciation as higher prices mean lower competitiveness. Conversely, higher inflation causes higher interest rates and a tighter monetary policy that leads to an appreciation.

The Norges Bank Monetary Policy Committee's decision on where to set the overnight deposit rate. Traders watch interest rate changes closely as short term interest rates are the primary factor in currency valuation.

A higher than expected rate is positive/bullish for the NOK, while a lower than expected rate is negative/bearish for the NOK.

The definition for an unemployed person is: Persons (16-65 years) who were available for work (except for temporary illness) but did not work during the survey week, and who made specific efforts to find a job within the previous 4 weeks by going to an employment agency, by applying directly to an employer, by answering a job ad, or being on a union or professional register. The percentagenumber is calculated unemployed / (employed + unemployed).

The definition for an unemployed person is: Persons (16-65 years) who were available for work (except for temporary illness) but did not work during the survey week, and who made specific efforts to find a job within the previous 4 weeks by going to an employment agency, by applying directly to an employer, by answering a job ad, or being on a union or professional register. The percentagenumber is calculated unemployed / (employed + unemployed).

The Composite PMI Index measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the both sectors. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector; a reading below 50 indicates contraction. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

The Services Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the services sector. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector; a reading below 50 indicates contraction. Traders watch these surveys closely as purchasing managers usually have early access to data about their company’s performance, which can be a leading indicator of overall economic performance.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

Retail Sales measure the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the HKD , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the HKD.

The Unemployment Rate measures the percentage of the total work force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment during the previous month. The data tends to have a muted impact as there are several earlier indicators related to labor conditions in the euro zone.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR.

Bank Lending measures the change in the total value of outstanding bank loans issued to consumers and businesses. Borrowing and spending are closely correlated with consumer confidence. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the BRL , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the BRL.

This consists of additions to the assets of producers of tangible reproducible goods which have an expected lifetime of use of one year or more. The producers in question may be industries, producers of Government services and producers of private non-profit services to household. The capital goods may be purchased or produced on own account. Sales less purchases of second-hand fixed assets and sales of scrapped fixed assets by producers should be deducted from gross fixed capital formation. Gross Capital formation consists of; Gross Fixed Capital Formation= Aquisition less disposals of fixed assets + Improvements to land AND Inventories=Finished Goods, Materials/Fuel, Work in Progress AND Valuables= Goods of value not used in consumption or production

This consists of additions to the assets of producers of tangible reproducible goods which have an expected lifetime of use of one year or more. The producers in question may be industries, producers of Government services and producers of private non-profit services to household. The capital goods may be purchased or produced on own account. Sales less purchases of second-hand fixed assets and sales of scrapped fixed assets by producers should be deducted from gross fixed capital formation. Gross Capital formation consists of; Gross Fixed Capital Formation= Aquisition less disposals of fixed assets + Improvements to land AND Inventories=Finished Goods, Materials/Fuel, Work in Progress AND Valuables= Goods of value not used in consumption or production

Industrial Production measures the change in the total inflation-adjusted value of output produced by manufacturers, mines, and utilities.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the BRL, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the BRL.

Industrial Production measures the change in the total inflation-adjusted value of output produced by manufacturers, mines, and utilities.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the BRL, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the BRL.

Average Hourly Earnings is an important economic indicator that measures the change in the wages paid to employees in the United States. This data is closely monitored by investors, financial markets, and policymakers as it helps in understanding the overall health of the labor market and its potential impact on consumer spending.

High wage growth is usually seen as a sign of a strong economy, as it can lead to increased consumer confidence and spending, which in turn drives economic growth. On the other hand, low or declining wage growth can be a worrisome signal for the markets and may lead to reduced consumer spending and weaker economic conditions.

In addition to its impact on spending, Average Hourly Earnings is also significant for its potential implications on inflation trends, as higher wages can lead to increased production costs and eventually higher prices for goods and services. The data also plays a key role in the decision-making process of central banks when setting their monetary policies.

Average Hourly Earnings measures the change in the price businesses pay for labor, not including the agricultural sector.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

Average Weekly Hours (also known as Average Workweek) measures the average number of hours worked by employees on non-farm payrolls.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

In a company, payroll is the sum of all financial records of salaries for an employee, wages, bonuses and deductions. In accounting, payroll refers to the amount paid to employees for services they provided during a certain period of time. Payroll plays a major role in a company for several reasons. From an accounting point of view, payroll is crucial because payroll and payroll taxes considerably affect the net income of most companies and they are subject to laws and regulations (e.g. in the US payroll is subject to federal and state regulations). From an ethics in business viewpoint payroll is a critical department as employees are responsive to payroll errors and irregularities: good employee morale requires payroll to be paid timely and accurately. The primary mission of the payroll department is to ensure that all employees are paid accurately and timely with the correct withholdings and deductions, and to ensure the withholdings and deductions are remitted in a timely manner. This includes salary payments, tax withholdings, and deductions from a paycheck.

Employment data, except those for the Federal Government, refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of persons who occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month. Intermittent workers are counted if they performed any service during the month.The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic workers. Salaried officers of corporations are included. Government employment covers only civilian employees; military personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency also are excluded. Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid holiday, on paid vacation, or work during a part of the pay period even though they are unemployed or on strike during the rest of the period are counted as employed. Not counted as employed are persons who are on layoff, on leave without pay, on strike for the entire period, or who were hired but have not yet reported during the period.

Nonfarm Payrolls measures the change in the number of people employed during the previous month, excluding the farming industry. Job creation is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of economic activity.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

The participation rate is an important indicator of the supply of labor. It measures the share of the working-age population either working or looking for work. The number of people who are no longer actively searching for work would not be included in the participation rate.

A reading that is stronger than forecast is generally supportive (bullish) for the USD, while a weaker than forecast reading is generally negative (bearish) for the USD.

Private Nonfarm Payrolls measures the change in the number of total number of paid U.S. workers of any business, excluding general government employees, private household employees, employees of nonprofit organizations that provide assistance to individuals and farm employees.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

Percentage of the total work force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment during the previous month. The figure also includes all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force.

The Unemployment Rate measures the percentage of the total work force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment during the previous month.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD.

The S&P Global Composite PMI (Purchasing Managers' Index) is an economic calendar event that provides a comprehensive, forward-looking insight into the performance of the global economy. This event measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the private sector across various industries, including manufacturing and services. The data is collected through surveys conducted by IHS Markit, a leading provider of global market and economic information.

A PMI reading above 50 indicates expansion in the surveyed business sector, while a reading below 50 signifies contraction. The index is widely regarded as a reliable barometer of global economic health, as it offers a timely and accurate assessment of business conditions and purchasing trends. Investors, policymakers, and analysts closely monitor this event to gauge the overall strength of the economy and predict future growth patterns.

The Service PMI release is published monthly by Markit Economics. The data are based on surveys of over 400 executives in private sector service companies. The surveys cover transport and communication, financial intermediaries, business and personal services, computing & IT, hotels and restaurants. 

An index level of 50 denotes no change since the previous month, while a level above 50 signals an improvement, and below 50 indicates a deterioration. A reading that is stronger than forecast is generally supportive (bullish) for the USD, while a weaker than forecast reading is generally negative (bearish) for the USD.

The Non-Manufacturing ISM Report on Business is based on data compiled from monthly replies to questions asked of more than 370 purchasing and supply executives in over 62 different industries representing nine divisions from the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) categories. Membership of the Business Survey Committee is diversified by SIC category and is based on each industry's contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Survey responses reflect the change, if any, in the current month compared to the previous month. For each of the indicators measured (Business Activity, New Orders, Backlog of Orders, New Export Orders, Inventory Change, Inventory Sentiment, Imports, Prices, Employment, and Supplier Deliveries), this report shows the percentage reporting each response, the net difference between the number of responses in the positive economic direction (higher and slower for Supplier Deliveries) and the negative economic direction (lower and faster for Supplier Deliveries). Responses represent raw data and are never changed. Data is seasonally adjusted for Business Activity, New Orders, Imports, and Employment. The remaining indexes have not indicated significant seasonality.

The Institute of Supply Management (ISM) Non-Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) (also known as the ISM Services PMI) report on Business, a composite index is calculated as an indicator of the overall economic condition for the non-manufacturing sector. The NMI is a composite index based on the diffusion indexes for four of the indicators with equal weights: Business Activity (seasonally adjusted), New Orders (seasonally adjusted), Employment (seasonally adjusted) and Supplier Deliveries.

A reading above 50 percent indicates the non-manufacturing sector economy is generally expanding; below 50 percent indicates the non-manufacturing sector is generally contracting. The Non-Manufacturing ISM Report on Business is based on data compiled from monthly replies to questions asked of more than 370 purchasing and supply executives in over 62 different industries representing nine divisions from the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) categories. Membership of the Business Survey Committee is diversified by SIC category and is based on each industry contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

The Institute of Supply Management (ISM) Non-Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) (also known as the ISM Services PMI) report on Business, a composite index is calculated as an indicator of the overall economic condition for the non-manufacturing sector. The NMI is a composite index based on the diffusion indexes for four of the indicators with equal weights: Business Activity (seasonally adjusted), New Orders (seasonally adjusted), Employment (seasonally adjusted) and Supplier Deliveries.

A reading above 50 percent indicates the non-manufacturing sector economy is generally expanding; below 50 percent indicates the non-manufacturing sector is generally contracting. The Non-Manufacturing ISM Report on Business is based on data compiled from monthly replies to questions asked of more than 370 purchasing and supply executives in over 62 different industries representing nine divisions from the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) categories. Membership of the Business Survey Committee is diversified by SIC category and is based on each industry contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

The Institute of Supply Management (ISM) Non-Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) (also known as the ISM Services PMI) report on Business, a composite index is calculated as an indicator of the overall economic condition for the non-manufacturing sector. The NMI is a composite index based on the diffusion indexes for four of the indicators with equal weights: Business Activity (seasonally adjusted), New Orders (seasonally adjusted), Employment (seasonally adjusted) and Supplier Deliveries.

A reading above 50 percent indicates the non-manufacturing sector economy is generally expanding; below 50 percent indicates the non-manufacturing sector is generally contracting. The Non-Manufacturing ISM Report on Business is based on data compiled from monthly replies to questions asked of more than 370 purchasing and supply executives in over 62 different industries representing nine divisions from the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) categories. Membership of the Business Survey Committee is diversified by SIC category and is based on each industry contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

The Institute of Supply Management (ISM) Non-Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) (also known as the ISM Services PMI) report on Business, a composite index is calculated as an indicator of the overall economic condition for the non-manufacturing sector. The NMI is a composite index based on the diffusion indexes for four of the indicators with equal weights: Business Activity (seasonally adjusted), New Orders (seasonally adjusted), Employment (seasonally adjusted) and Supplier Deliveries.

A reading above 50 percent indicates the non-manufacturing sector economy is generally expanding; below 50 percent indicates the non-manufacturing sector is generally contracting. The Non-Manufacturing ISM Report on Business is based on data compiled from monthly replies to questions asked of more than 370 purchasing and supply executives in over 62 different industries representing nine divisions from the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) categories. Membership of the Business Survey Committee is diversified by SIC category and is based on each industry contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

The Exchequer Balance is the traditional domestic budgetary aggregate which measures Central Government's net surplus or borrowing position. It is the difference between total receipts into and total expenditure out of the Exchequer Account of the Central Fund.It measures the sum of the current and capital balances. The Exchequer Account is the single bank account of the Central Fund and is held at the Central Bank of Ireland. The annual audited accounts of the Exchequer Account produced by the Department of Finance are known as the Finance Accounts. An unaudited summary known as the Exchequer Statement is produced at the end of each month. Under the Irish Constitution, all Government receipts are paid in to the Central Fund and all Government expenditure is funded from it, unless provided otherwise by law.

The Riyad Bank Saudi Arabia Composite PMI (Purchasing Managers' Index) is an economic calendar event that measures the overall health of the non-oil economy in Saudi Arabia. The composite PMI index is calculated based on monthly surveys of purchasing managers from both manufacturing and service sectors, who are responsible for making significant business decisions regarding purchasing and production.

By evaluating the output, new orders, employment, supplier delivery, and stocks of purchases, the PMI index provides a timely insight into business conditions in Saudi Arabia. A composite PMI value above 50 indicates an expansion of business activities, while a number below 50 signals a contraction. This event is crucial for investors, as it helps them gauge the direction of the Saudi Arabian economy, informing their decisions and expectations for future performance.

The Leading Indicators Index is a composite index based on 12 economic indicators, that is designed to predict the future direction of the economy.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the JPY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the JPY.

Industrial Production measures the change in the total inflation-adjusted value of output produced by manufacturers, mines, and utilities.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the ARS, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the ARS.