FX.co ★ Traders economic calendar. International economic events

Trade balance is the net difference between exports and imports collected from the import/export entry forms of the Customs Department, which reveal both volume and value of imports and exports. In order for the trade balance to be consistent with the definition of balance of payments, statistical modifications have been made to exclude some customs items for the transactions carried out among the residents. Such items include: goods granted embassy privilege; goods with no change of ownership, e.g., goods sent for repair, temporary imported goods, sample goods, leased goods. Adjustments are as well made to include goods actually imported and exported but did not undergo customs declaration such as military goods, electrical appliances and commercial aircrafts.

Exports of goods and services consist of transactions in goods and services (sales, barter, gifts or grants) from residents to non-residents. A function of international trade whereby goods produced in one country are shipped to another country for future sale or trade. The sale of such goods addsto the producing nation's gross output. If used for trade, exports are exchangedfor other products or services. Exports are one of the oldest forms of economic transfer, and occur on a large scale between nations that have fewer restrictions on trade, such as tariffs or subsidies.

Imports of goods and services consist of transactions in goods and services (purchases, barter, gifts or grants) from non-residents to residents. A good or service brought into one country from another. Along with exports, imports form the backbone of international trade. The higher the value of imports entering a country, compared to the value of exports, the more negative that country's balance of trade becomes.

The balance figures are obtained by deducting the weighted proportion of negative answers from that of positive answers. The positive balance figure for unemployment means that unemployment is estimated to go up. The consumer confidence indicator is the average of the balance figures for four questions concerning the next 12 months: own and Finlands economy, households saving possibilities and unemployment (with changed sign). The balance figures and the confidence indicator can range between -100 and 100. Confidence indicator is a measure of the mood of consumers or businesses. It is usually based on a survey during which respondents rate their opinion on different issues concerning current and future conditions. There are many kinds of confidence indicators as institutions measuring them use different questions, sizes of samples or frequency of publications.

EK business tendency surveys are part of the EU s harmonised system of business surveys. The surveys are carried out between the 1st and 25th of each month. Industrial confidence indicator is calculated from the responses of manufacturing executives to three questions: production expectations in the next few months, order books as well as (-) finished goods inventories compared to normal.

Trade balance is the difference between the value of country's exports and imports, over a period of time. A positive balance (trade surplus) means that exports exceed imports, a negative one means the opposite. Positive trade balance illustrates high competitiveness of country's economy. This strengthens investor's interest in the local currency, appreciating its exchange rateA higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the SEK , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the SEK.

Retail sales data represents total consumer purchase from retail stores. It provides valuable information about consumer spending which makes up the consumption part of GDP. The most volatile components like autos, gas prices and food prices are often removed from the report to show more underlying demand patterns as changes in sales in these categories are frequently a result of price changes. Rising retail sales indicate stronger economic growth.

Retail sales data represents total consumer purchase from retail stores. It provides valuable information about consumer spending which makes up the consumption part of GDP. The most volatile components like autos, gas prices and food prices are often removed from the report to show more underlying demand patterns as changes in sales in these categories are frequently a result of price changes. Rising retail sales indicate stronger economic growth.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the BHD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the BHD.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the BHD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the BHD.

Retail Sales measure the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Exports of goods and services consist of transactions in goods and services (sales, barter, gifts or grants) from residents to non-residents. Exports free on board (f.o.b.) and imports cost insurance freight (c.i.f.) are, in general, customs statistics reported under the general trade statistics according to the recommendations of the UN International Trade Statistics.

A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the HKD, while a lower than expected number as negative.

Exports free on board (f.o.b.) and Imports cost insurance freight (c.i.f.) are, in general, customs statistics reported under the general trade statistics according to the recommendations of the UN International Trade Statistics. For some countries Imports are reported as f.o.b. instead of c.i.f. which is generally accepted. When reporting Imports as f.o.b. you will have the effect of reducing the value of Imports by the amount of the cost of insurance and freight.

A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the HKD, while a lower than expected number as negative.

The Trade Balance measures the difference in value between imported and exported goods and services over the reported period. A positive number indicates that more goods and services were exported than imported.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the HKD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the HKD.

The Confederation of British Industry (CBI) Distributive Trades Survey (DTS) measures the health of the retail sector. The reading is compiled from a survey of about 150 retail and wholesale companies. It includes measures of sales activity across the distributive trades. It is a leading indicator of consumer spending. The figure is the difference between the percentage of retailers reporting an increase in sales and those reporting a decrease.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

The Focus Market Report provides weekly mean market expectations for inflation over following month, 12 months, and following year as well as expectations for Selic target rate, real GDP growth, net public sector debt/GDP, industrial production growth, current account, and trade balance, collected from over 130 banks, brokers, and funds managers.

The Trade Balance measures the difference in value between imported and exported goods and services over the reported period. A positive number indicates that more goods and services were exported than imported.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the MXN, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the MXN.

Trade balance, called also net export, is the difference between the value of country's exports and imports, over a period of time. A positive balance (trade surplus) means that exports exceed imports, a negativeone means the opposite. Positive trade balance illustrates high competitiveness of country's economy. This strengthens investors' interest in the local currency, appreciating its exchange rate.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the average yield on the Bons du Trésor à taux fixe or BTF auctioned.

French BTF bills have maturities of up to 1 year. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital.

The yield on the BTF represents the return an investor will receive by holding the treasury for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the average yield on the Bons du Trésor à taux fixe or BTF auctioned.

French BTF bills have maturities of up to 1 year. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital.

The yield on the BTF represents the return an investor will receive by holding the treasury for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the average yield on the Bons du Trésor à taux fixe or BTF auctioned.

French BTF bills have maturities of up to 1 year. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital.

The yield on the BTF represents the return an investor will receive by holding the treasury for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

The Dallas Fed conducts the Texas Manufacturing Outlook Survey monthly to obtain a timely assessment of the state factory activity. Firms are asked whether output, employment, orders, prices and other indicators increased, decreased or remained unchanged over the previous month. Survey responses are used to calculate an index for each indicator. Each index is calculated by subtracting the percentage of respondents reporting a decrease from the percentage reporting an increase. When the share of firms reporting an increase exceeds the share of firms reporting a decrease, the index will be greater than zero, suggesting the indicator has increased over the prior month. If the share of firms reporting a decrease exceeds the share reporting an increase, the index will be below zero,suggesting the indicator has decreased over the prior month. An index will be zero when the number of firms reporting an increase is equal to the number of firms reporting a decrease. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the rate on the Treasury Bill auctioned.

U.S. Treasury Bills have maturities of a few days to one year. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital. The rate on a Treasury Bill represents the return an investor will receive by holding the bill for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the rate on the Treasury Bill auctioned.

U.S. Treasury Bills have maturities of a few days to one year. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital. The rate on a Treasury Bill represents the return an investor will receive by holding the bill for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the yield on the Treasury Note auctioned.

U.S. Treasury Notes have maturities of two to ten years. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital. The rate on a Treasury Note represents the return an investor will receive by holding the note for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the yield on the Treasury Note auctioned.

U.S. Treasury Notes have maturities of two to ten years. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital. The rate on a Treasury Note represents the return an investor will receive by holding the note for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

Bank of Canada (BOC) Governor Tiff Macklem (June 2020 - June 2027) will speak. As head of the BOC's Governing Council, which controls key short-term interest rates, Macklem has more influence over the Canadian dollar's value than any other person. Traders scrutinize his public engagements for clues regarding future monetary policy. His comments may determine a short-term positive or negative trend.

Luis de Guindos, Vice-President of the European Central Bank, is set to speak. His speeches often contain indications on the future possible direction of monetary policy.

The jobs/applications ratio measures the ratio between job applications and actual jobs. This is an indicator of the health of employment in the economy. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the JPY, while a lower than expected number as negative.

The Unemployment Rate measures the percentage of the total work force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment during the previous month. The data tends to have a muted impact relative to employment data from other countries because the Japanese economy is more reliant on the industrial sector than personal spending.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the JPY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the JPY.

The British Retail Consortium (BRC) Shop Price Index measures price changes in BRC-member retail outlets in the U.K.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends and inflation. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the VND, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the VND.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends and inflation. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the VND, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the VND.

Industrial Production measures the change in the total inflation-adjusted value of output produced by manufacturers, mines, and utilities. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the VND, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the VND.

Retail Sales measure the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the VND, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the VND.

The Trade Balance measures the difference in value between imported and exported goods and services over the reported period. A positive number indicates that more goods and services were exported than imported.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the VND, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the VND.

The Unemployment Rate measures the percentage of the total work force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the SGD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the SGD.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the yield on the JGB auctioned.

JGB's have maturities of up to 50 years. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital. The rate on a JGB represents the return an investor will receive by holding the note for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

The terms M1, M2, M3 refer to the monetary aggregates. Monetary Aggregate or money supply is the quantity of money available within the economy to purchase goods, services, and securities. M1: Technically defined this is the sum of: the tender that is held outside banks, travelers checks, checking accounts (but not demand deposits), minus the amount of money in the Federal Reserve float. M2: The sum of: M1, savings deposits (this would include money market accounts from which no checks can be written), small denomination time deposits, retirement accounts. M3: M2 plus long-term deposits held by the domestic private sector. The monetary aggregates have been revised to include promissory notes. The monetary aggregates have always included negotiable certificates of deposit but excluded promissory notes, earlier on.

Credit extended by a country's central bank to domestic borrowers, including the government and commercial banks. An increase in domestic credit tends to increase the stock of money and, ceteris paribus, leads to an outflow of international reserves thereby, in the long run, decreasing the money stock. Total of investments, bills discounted, instalment sale credit, leasing finance, mortagage advances and other loans and advances.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health. The year-on-year change measures the seasonally adjusted change in percentage during a quarter compared to the equivalent period during the previous year. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the SEK, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the SEK.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health. The quarterly change measures the seasonally adjusted change in percentage compared to the previous quarter. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the SEK, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the SEK.

Retail trade excluding motor vehicles; including repair shops for personal and household goods. Adjusted for irregularity of the calendar. Retail sales data represents total consumer purchase from retail stores. It provides valuable information about consumer spending which makes up the consumption part of GDP. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the SEK , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the SEK.

Retail trade excluding motor vehicles; including repair shops for personal and household goods. Adjusted for irregularity of the calendar. Retail sales data represents total consumer purchase from retail stores. It provides valuable information about consumer spending which makes up the consumption part of GDP. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the SEK , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the SEK.

The Gfk German Consumer Climate Index measures the level of consumer confidence in economic activity. The data is compiled from a survey of about 2,000 consumers which asks respondents to rate the relative level of past and future economic conditions.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR,while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the JPY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the JPY.

The PMI Report on Manufacturing is a monthly publication, researched and published by Markit. It is based on a survey of business executives in the reporting country's private sector manufacturing companies and is designed to provide the most up-to-date picture of business conditions in the private manufacturing sector.The survey covers industrial sectors based on Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) groups; Chemicals, Electrical, Food/Drink, Mechanical Engineering, Metals, Textiles, Timber/Paper, Transport, Other. Each response received is weighted according to the size of the company to which the questionnaire refers and the contribution to total manufacturing output accounted for by the sub-sector to which that company belongs. This therefore ensures that replies from larger companies have a greater impact on the final index numbers than replies from small companies.

Consumer credit is defined as borrowing by the UK personal sector to finance current expenditure on goods and services. For consumer credit, the UK personal sector comprises individuals only, i.e. housing associations, incorporated businesses and other non-profit making bodies serving persons are excluded. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

M3 Money Supply measures the change in the total quantity of domestic currency in circulation and deposited in banks. An increasing supply of money leads to additional spending, which in turn leads to inflation.

M4 Money Supply measures the change in the total quantity of domestic currency in circulation and deposited in banks. An increasing supply of money leads to additional spending, which in turn leads to inflation.

Mortgage Approvals measures the number of new mortgages approved for home purchases during the previous month by the Bank of England. The data tends to have a limited impact because about 60% of all mortgages are covered by the BBA Mortgage Approvals data released a few days earlier.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

Net lending secured on dwellings include sterling bridging loans made by banks and other specialist lendersA higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

Net lending to individuals measures the change in the total value of new credit extended to consumers. It is closely correlated with consumer spending and confidence.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the yield on the Treasury Gilt auctioned.

U.K. Treasury Gilts have maturities up to 50 years. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital. The rate on a Treasury Gilt represents the return an investor will receive by holding the note for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the average yield on the BOT auctioned.

Italian BOT bills have maturities of one year or less. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital.

The yield on the BOT represents the return an investor will receive by holding the treasury for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

The Trade Balance measures the difference in value between imported and exported goods sand services, from and to Non-Eu countries, over the reported period. A positive number indicates that more goods and services were exported than imported. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the average yield on the Bobls note auctioned.

German Bobls notes have maturities of five years. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital.

The yield on the Bobls represents the return an investor will receive by holding the treasury for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

Israeli M1 figure measeures the amount of money in circulation in notes, coin, current accounts, and deposit accounts transferable by cheque, Usually a higher than expected number would indicate inflationary pressure and the effect of that on the currency may go both ways.

Retail sales data represents total consumer purchase from retail stores. It provides valuable information about consumer spending which makes up the consumption part of GDP. The most volatile components like autos, gas prices and food prices are often removed from the report to show more underlying demand patterns as changes in sales in these categories are frequently a result of price changes. It is not adjusted for inflation. Spending on services is not included. Rising retail sales indicate stronger economic growth.

Retail sales data represents total consumer purchase from retail stores. It provides valuable information about consumer spending which makes up the consumption part of GDP. The most volatile components like autos, gas prices and food prices are often removed from the report to show more underlying demand patterns as changes in sales in these categories are frequently a result of price changes. It is not adjusted for inflation. Spending on services is not included. Rising retail sales indicate stronger economic growth.

Retail Sales measure the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity.

Retail Sales measure the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Current Account index measures the difference in value between exported and imported goods, services and interest payments during the reported month. The goods portion is the same as the monthly Trade Balance figureBecause foreigners must buy the domestic currency to pay for the nation's exports the data can have a sizable affect on the BRL. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the BRL , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the BRL.

 Foreign direct investment are the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series shows net outflows of investment from the reporting economy to the rest of the world and is divided by GDP. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the BRL, while a lower than expected number as negative.

The Unemployment Rate measures the percentage of the total work force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CLP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CLP.

The goods trade balance is the difference in value between imported and exported goods during the reported month.

Retail Inventories Ex Auto is an economic indicator that measures the changes in the value of retail inventories. This metric provides insight into the health of the retail sector by analyzing the value of unsold goods held by retailers, excluding automobile and auto parts dealers. A growing inventory can signal that consumer demand is weak, leading retailers to hold onto a surplus of products. On the other hand, a decline in retail inventories can indicate increased consumer spending, stronger business confidence, and positive economic growth.

Investors, market participants, and policymakers pay close attention to this data, as it serves as a valuable tool for gauging the overall health of the retail sales industry and the broader economy. Additionally, changes in retail inventories can also have a direct impact on GDP calculations, making it a significant factor in assessing economic growth. Monitoring the Retail Inventories Ex Auto can help market participants make informed decisions about potential shifts in consumer behavior and the economic landscape.

Wholesale Inventories measures the change in the total value of goods held in inventory by wholesalers.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD.

Wholesale Sales measures the change in the total value of sales at the wholesale level. It is a leading indicator of consumer spending.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CAD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CAD.

The Redbook Index is a sales-weighted of year-over-year same-store sales growth in a sample of large US general merchandise retailers representing about 9,000 stores. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the USD, while a lower than expected number as negative.

The HPI is published by OFHEO using data provided by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. House price index is a statistic designed to reflect the average change of house prices across the country or a certain area. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the USD, while a lower than expected number as negative

The House Price Index (HPI) is a broad measure of the movement of single-family house prices, with mortgages backed by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac. This report helps to analyze the strength of the US housing market, which helps to analysis the economy as a whole.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

OFHEO's House Price Index (HPI) is a measure designed to capture changes in the value of single-family homes in the U.S. as a whole, in various regions of the country. The HPI is published by OFHEO using data provided by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. House price index is a statistic designed to reflect the average change of house prices across the country or a certain area. It ensures that the relative importance of different property types in different regions remains fixed throughout the life of the index. Different adjustment must be used as no two houses are identical. Therefore characteristics such as physical attributes of a house or its location should be included in the calculation if the index. Rising house prices are likely to increase consumer confidence and consumer spending which lead to rising aggregate demand. This can have two effects. On one hand it causes higher economic growth. However, on the other hand, it might contribute to inflation. Increased consumer spending is usually aimed at imported goods thus higher house prices cause current account deficit.

House price index is a statistic designed to reflect the average change of house prices across the country or a certain area.It ensures that the relative importance of different property types in different regions remains fixed throughout the life of the index. Different adjustment must be used as no two houses are identical. Therefore characteristics such as physical attributes of a house or its location should be included in the calculation if the index. Rising house prices are likely to increase consumer confidence and consumer spending which lead to rising aggregate demand. This can have two effects. On one hand it causes higher economic growth. However, on the other hand, it might contribute to inflation. Increased consumer spending is usually aimed at imported goods thus higher house prices cause current account deficit.

The S&P/Case-Shiller House Price Index measures the change in the selling price of single-family homes in 20 metropolitan areas.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD,while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

The Case-Shiller index prices are measured monthly and tracks repeat sales of houses using a modified version of the weighted-repeat sales methodology proposed by Karl Case and Robert Shiller and Allan Weiss. This means that, to a large extent, it is able to adjust for the quality of the homes sold, unlike simple averages. As a monthly tracking index, Case-Shiller Index has long lag time. Typically, it takes about 2 months for S&P to publish the results, as opposed to 1 month for most other monthly indices and indicators. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the USD, while a lower than expected number as negative.

Conference Board (CB) Consumer Confidence measures the level of consumer confidence in economic activity. It is a leading indicator as it can predict consumer spending, which plays a major role in overall economic activity. Higher readings point to higher consumer optimism.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

A survey done by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics to help measure job vacancies. It collects data from employers about their businesses' employment, job openings, recruitment, hires and separations.

JOLTS defines Job Openings as all positions that are open (not filled) on the last business day of the month. A job is "open" only if it meets all three of the following conditions:

1. A specific position exists and there is work available for that position.

2. The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the establishment finds a suitable candidate during that time.

3. There is active recruiting for workers from outside the establishment location that has the opening.

A reading that is stronger than forecast is generally supportive (bullish) for the USD, while a weaker than forecast reading is generally negative (bearish) for the USD.

survey responses are used to calculate an index for each indicator. Each index is calculated by subtracting the percentage of respondents reporting a decrease from the percentage reporting an increase. When the share of firms reporting an increase exceeds the share of firms reporting a decrease, the index will be greater than zero, suggesting the indicator has increased over the prior month. If the share of firms reporting a decrease exceeds the share reporting an increase, the index will be below zero, suggesting the indicator has decreased over the prior month. An index will be zero when the number of firms reporting an increase is equal to the number of firms reporting a decrease.

Survey responses are used to calculate an index for each indicator. Each index is calculated by subtracting the percentage of respondents reporting a decrease from the percentage reporting an increase. When the share of firms reporting an increase exceeds the share of firms reporting a decrease, the index will be greater than zero, suggesting the indicator has increased over the prior month. If the share of firms reporting a decrease exceeds the share reporting an increase, the index will be below zero, suggesting the indicator has decreased over the prior month. An index will be zero when the number of firms reporting an increase is equal to the number of firms reporting a decrease.

The Atlanta Fed GDPNow is an economic event that provides a real-time estimate of the United States' gross domestic product (GDP) growth for the current quarter. It serves as a valuable indicator for analysts, policymakers, and economists looking to gauge the health of the American economy.

Created and maintained by the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, the GDPNow model utilizes a sophisticated algorithm that processes incoming data from official government sources. These sources include reports on manufacturing, trade, retail sales, housing, and other sectors, which allows the Atlanta Fed to update their GDP growth projections on a frequent basis.

As an essential benchmark for economic performance, the GDPNow forecast can significantly impact financial markets and influence investment decisions. Market participants often use the GDPNow forecast to adjust their expectations regarding monetary policies and various economic outcomes.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the rate on the Treasury Bill auctioned.

U.S. Treasury Bills have maturities of a few days to one year. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital. The rate on a Treasury Bill represents the return an investor will receive by holding the bill for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the yield on the Treasury Note auctioned.

U.S. Treasury Notes have maturities of two to ten years. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital. The rate on a Treasury Note represents the return an investor will receive by holding the note for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

Bank of Canada (BOC) Governor Tiff Macklem (June 2020 - June 2027) will speak. As head of the BOC's Governing Council, which controls key short-term interest rates, Macklem has more influence over the Canadian dollar's value than any other person. Traders scrutinize his public engagements for clues regarding future monetary policy. His comments may determine a short-term positive or negative trend.

Market volatility is sometimes experienced during speeches as traders attempt to decipher interest rate clues. As Senior Deputy Governor, Ms. Rogers will oversee the Bank’s strategic planning and operations, and provide leadership for the Bank’s role in promoting a stable and efficient financial system. As a member of the Bank’s Governing Council, she will share responsibility for the conduct of monetary policy. She will also be a member of the Bank’s Board of Directors.

The American Petroleum Institute reports inventory levels of US crude oil, gasoline and distillates stocks. The figure shows how much oil and product is available in storage.The indicator gives an overview of US petroleum demand.

If the increase in crude inventories is more than expected, it implies weaker demand and is bearish for crude prices. The same can be said if a decline in inventories is less than expected.

If the increase in crude is less than expected, it implies greater demand and is bullish for crude prices. The same can be said if a decline in inventories is more than expected.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the AUD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the AUD.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

The impact on the currency may go both ways, a rise in CPI may lead to a rise in interest rates and a rise in local currency, on the other hand, during recession, a rise in CPI may lead to a deepened recession and therefore a fall in local currency.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

The impact on the currency may go both ways, a rise in CPI may lead to a rise in interest rates and a rise in local currency, on the other hand, during recession, a rise in CPI may lead to a deepened recession and therefore a fall in local currency.

The Trimmed Mean Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services purchased by consumers, excluding the most volatile 30% of items. This data helps illustrate underlying trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the AUD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the AUD.

The Weighted mean is calculated using the quarterly price changes of all CPI components, with the annual rates based on compounded quarterly calculations.

Monthly CPI Indicator measures monthly changes in the price of a 'basket' of goods and services which account for a high proportion of expenditure by the CPI population group (i.e. metropolitan households).

The Weighted mean is calculated using the quarterly price changes of all CPI components, with the annual rates based on compounded quarterly calculations.

The Weighted mean is calculated using the quarterly price changes of all CPI components, with the annual rates based on compounded quarterly calculations.

Producer Price Index (PPI) measures a change in the prices of goods and services, over a span of time, either as they leave their place of production or as they enter the production process. PPI measures a change in the prices received by domestic producers for their outputs or the change in the prices paid by domestic producers for their intermediate inputs. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the PHP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the PHP.

Bank Lending measures the change in the total value of outstanding bank loans issued to consumers and businesses. Borrowing and spending are closely correlated with consumer confidence. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the SGD , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the SGD.

Industrial Production measures the change in the total inflation-adjusted value of output produced by manufacturers, mines, and utilities.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the THB, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the THB.

The Japanese Household Confidence indicator is a measure of the mood of consumers.

The index is based on data collected from a survey of around 5000 households.

The consumer confidence indicator is closely linked to consumer spending and correlated with personal income, purchasing power, employment and business conditions.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the JPY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the JPY.

Business expectations of the manufacturing sector. Forcast for the next quarter. A plus sign indicates a positive balance or net upward trend and a minus sign denotes a negative balance or net downward trend. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the SGD , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the SGD.

Business Confidence measures the current business conditions in the Netherlands . It helps to analyze the economic situation in the short term. A rising trend indicates an increase in business investment which may lead to higher levels of output. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

French Consumer Spending measures the change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods expenditures by consumers. Consumer spending accounts for the majority of economic activity.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Retail sales data represents total consumer purchase from retail stores. It provides valuable information about consumer spending which makes up the consumption part of GDP. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the NOK , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the NOK.

Money Supply is the aggregate amount of monetary assets available in a country at a specific time. According to the Financial Times, Money Supply M0 and M1, also known as narrow money, includes coins and notes in circulation and other assets that are easily convertible into cash. Money Supply M2 includes M1 plus short-term time deposits in banks. Money Supply M3 includes M2 plus longer-term time deposits. A higher than expected number should be taken as negative to the MYR while a higher than expected number as negative.

Economic confidence index is a composite index that encapsulates consumers’ and producers’ evaluations, expectations and tendencies about general economic situation. The index is combined by means of a weighted aggregation of sub-indices of consumer confidence, seasonally adjusted real sector (manufacturing industry), services, retail trade and construction confidence indices. In the calculation of economic confidence index, each sectoral weights are not directly applied to the five confidence indices themselves but to their normalised individual sub-indices series as equally-distributed in each sector. Within this scope, totally 20 sub-indices of confidence indices for consumer, real sector, services, retail trade and construction are used in the calculation. Sub-indices used in the calculation of economic confidence index are calculated with data collected in the first two weeks of each month. It indicates an optimistic outlook about the general economic situation when economic confidence index is above 100, whereas it indicates a pessimistic outlook when it is below 100.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the HUF, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the HUF.

The consumer confidence index is based on interviews with consumers about their perceptions of the country's current and future economic situation and their tendencies to purchase. The performance of the economy of a country is reflected in macro-economic variables, such as the gross national product, external debt, interest rates, foreign exchange rates, imports, exports, stock market prices, inflation rates, real wages, unemployment rate, and so on. The state of the economy is also reflected in the micro-behavior of the consumers. The attitudes and behaviors of individual consumers affect the performance of the economy. For example, if they believe that the economy is heading in a certain direction, then they would make their savings or spending plans according.

Confidence indicator is a measure of the mood of consumers or businesses. It is usually based on a survey during which respondents rate their opinion on different issues concerning current and future conditions. There are many kinds of confidence indicators as institutions measuring them use different questions, sizes of samples or frequency of publications. Consumers opinions are typically expressed with answers like: better,same,worse or positive, negative and unchanged. Results of such surveys are calculated by subtracting the negative replies from the positive ones. Business confidence indicator is closely linked to corporate spending and correlated with employment, consumption and investment. Therefore it is carefully watched as an indication of possible changes in the overall economic growth.

The KOF Leading Indicators Index is designed to predict the direction of the economy over the following six months. The index is a composite reading of 12 economic indicators related to banking confidence, production, new orders, consumer confidence and housing.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CHF, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CHF.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

The impact on the currency may go both ways, a rise in CPI may lead to a rise in interest rates and a rise in local currency, on the other hand, during recession, a rise in CPI may lead to a deepened recession and therefore a fall in local currency.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy''s health. A stronger than expected number should be taken as positive for the EUR and a lower than expected number as negative to the EUR. This is the final reading

Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices, is the same as CPI, but with a joint basket of products for all Eurozone member countries. The impact on the currency may go both ways, a rise in CPI may lead to a rise in interest rates and a rise in local currency, on the other hand, during recession, a rise in CPI may lead to a deepened recession and therefore a fall in local currency.

Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices, is the same as CPI, but with a joint basket of products for all Eurozone member countries. The impact on the currency may go both ways, a rise in CPI may lead to a rise in interest rates and a rise in local currency, on the other hand, during recession, a rise in CPI may lead to a deepened recession and therefore a fall in local currency.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Producer Price Index (PPI) measures the change in the price of goods sold by manufacturers. It is a leading indicator of consumer price inflation, which accounts for the majority of overall inflation. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Producer Price Index (PPI) measures the change in the price of goods sold by manufacturers. It is a leading indicator of consumer price inflation, which accounts for the majority of overall inflation. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

GDP measures summary value of goods and services generated in a relevant country or region. A region's gross domestic product, or GDP, is one of the ways for measuring the size of its economy. Expenditure approach - Total expenditures on all finished goods and services produced within the economy. Calculation: GDP using the expenditure approach is derived as the sum of all final expenditures, changes in inventories and exports of goods and services less imports of goods and services. Market influence of GDP Unexpectedly high quarterly GDP growth is perceived to be potentially inflationary if the economy is close to full capacity; this, in turn, causes bond prices to drop and yields and interest rates to rise. Where the stock market is concerned on one side higher than expected growth leads to higher profits and that's good for the stock market.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CZK, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CZK.

The Core Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the changes in the price of goods and services, excluding food and energy. The CPI measures price change from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

Business Confidence rates the current level of business conditions. It helps to analyze the economic situation in the short term. A rising trend indicates an increase in business investment which may lead to higher levels of output.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the SEK, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the SEK.

German Unemployment Change measures the change in the number of unemployed people during the previous month.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR, while lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR.

The German unemployment rate measures the percentage of the total work force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment during the reported month.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR.

The unemployment rate represents the number of unemployed persons expressed as a percentage of the labour force. The unemployment rate for a particular age/sex group is the number of unemployed in that group expressed as a percentage of the labour force for that group.The definition for an unemployed person is: Persons (16-65 years) who were available for work (except for temporary illness) but did not work during the survey week, and who made specific efforts to find a job within the previous 4 weeks by going to an employment agency, by applying directly to an employer, by answering a job ad, or being on a union or professional register. The percentage number is calculated unemployed / (employed + unemployed).

The definition for an unemployed person is: Persons (16-65 years) who were available for work (except for temporary illness) but did not work during the survey week, and who made specific efforts to find a job within the previous 4 weeks by going to an employment agency, by applying directly to an employer, by answering a job ad, or being on a union or professional register. The percentagenumber is calculated unemployed / (employed + unemployed).

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the broadest measure of economic activity and is a key indicator of economic health. The quarterly percent changes in GDP show the growth rate of the economy as a whole.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the broadest measure of economic activity and is a key indicator of economic health. The quarterly percent changes in GDP show the growth rate of the economy as a whole.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW) Economic Expectations Index rates the relative six-month economic outlook for Switzerland. On the index, a level above zero indicates optimism, below indicates pessimism. It is a leading indicator of economic health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CHF, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CHF.

The Baden Wuerttemberg Consumer Price Index (CPI) is an essential economic calendar event for Germany and captures the change in the general price level of goods and services that households purchase in the region of Baden Wuerttemberg.

It measures the average price movements over time in a basket of consumer goods and services, such as food, transportation, and healthcare. The index is a significant indicator of inflation, given that it reflects the changing costs that consumers face on a day-to-day basis.

Higher-than-expected readings can be seen as positive for the German economy, as it signals an increase in consumer spending. This could lead to an uptick in economic growth and, consequently, to higher interest rates. Conversely, a lower-than-expected reading may indicate decreased consumer spending and a weakening economy.

Investors, market analysts, and policymakers keep a close eye on the Baden Wuerttemberg CPI data as it helps to provide insight into the overall economic health of the region as well as its impact on the German economy.

The Baden Wuerttemberg Consumer Price Index (CPI) is an essential economic indicator released monthly, reflecting the change in prices for a representative basket of goods and services purchased by households in the Baden-Wuerttemberg region of Germany. The CPI is calculated by measuring the percentage change in the average price level of various goods and services, including food and beverages, housing, transportation, health care, and education, among others.

As the largest state in Germany in terms of both economy and population, Baden-Wuerttemberg is considered a significant contributor to Germany's overall economic performance. The Baden Wuerttemberg CPI provides valuable insights into inflationary trends, cost of living, and buying trends of consumers in the region. This data can also help the European Central Bank (ECB) and other policymakers shape monetary policies and gauge the effectiveness of implemented measures.

A high or rising CPI indicates an increase in inflation, which can negatively impact the purchasing power of consumers and erode their income. Conversely, a low or falling CPI signals lower inflation or even deflation, meaning that consumers can purchase more goods and services with the same amount of income. Monitoring the changes in the Baden Wuerttemberg CPI is essential for anyone interested in the German economy's performance and understanding the regional dynamics affecting inflation.

The Bavaria Consumer Price Index (CPI) is an economic calendar event that focuses specifically on the inflation rate of the federal state of Bavaria in Germany. The index tracks the changes in the prices of a basket of consumer goods and services purchased by households, including food, transportation, utilities, housing, and more.

CPI is a significant indicator of the overall economic health, as it directly illustrates the purchasing power of the consumers within the region. A rising CPI indicates rising inflation, while a falling CPI suggests a decrease in inflation rates. Both policymakers and investors closely follow this data, as it can impact the decisions made by the central bank, such as adjusting interest rates to control inflation.

It is important to note that the Bavaria CPI is only a portion of the overall German CPI, but it plays a vital role, as Bavaria is the largest and economically strongest federal state in Germany.

The Bavaria Consumer Price Index (CPI) is an economic calendar event that measures the change in the price of a basket of goods and services purchased by households in Bavaria, a region in Germany. It serves as an important indicator of inflation, as well as cost of living within the Bavarian economy.

Calculated on a monthly basis, the Bavaria CPI reflects the average price change of consumer goods and services compared to the previous month. This includes items such as food, transportation, housing, and healthcare. The percentage change in the Bavaria CPI is commonly used to determine the inflation rate for the region.

An increase in the Bavaria CPI signifies a rise in inflation, which may lead to a decrease in consumer purchasing power and an increase in interest rates. Conversely, a decrease in the Bavaria CPI indicates a lower inflation rate, which could lead to increased consumer purchasing power and potentially lower interest rates. Investors and market analysts closely monitor the Bavaria CPI data for insights into the health and future direction of the German economy.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the broadest measure of economic activity and is a key indicator of economic health. The quarterly percent changes in GDP show the growth rate of the economy as a whole.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the broadest measure of economic activity and is a key indicator of economic health. The quarterly percent changes in GDP show the growth rate of the economy as a whole.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Hesse Consumer Price Index (CPI) is an economic calendar event that focuses on the changes in consumer prices in the Hesse region of Germany. The CPI measures the average price movement of goods and services purchased by households over time, representing the overall inflation rate.

The Hesse CPI report gives insights into price changes on a regional scale, helping economists, traders, and investors in understanding the local economic conditions. A higher inflation rate is generally perceived as a negative, as it can lead to increased costs for consumers and reduced purchasing power. On the other hand, lower inflation due to decreased consumer demand could indicate a slowing economy.

This economic calendar event can significantly impact German financial markets, given the fact that Hesse holds a strong position in the national economy. The largest city in this region, Frankfurt, serves as a major financial hub and is the seat of the European Central Bank (ECB). Thus, any fluctuations in the Hesse CPI could influence overall economic sentiment and decisions made by the ECB, affecting Eurozone markets and the euro currency.

The Hesse Consumer Price Index (CPI) is an important economic calendar event for Germany, providing information about the province's inflation situation. The CPI is a measure of the changes in prices that consumers pay for a basket of goods and services, which can affect the purchasing power of their money.

As a part of the German economy, the Hesse CPI is an essential indicator for investors, policymakers, and market participants, who closely monitor the inflation trends in the country. A continuous increase in the CPI signifies potential inflation, while a decrease indicates a possible deflationary situation. In both cases, the outcomes could have an impact on the German economy and the European Central Bank (ECB) monetary policy decisions.

Additionally, the Hesse CPI can offer an insight into the general economic conditions in the region. For instance, changes in the CPI can also reveal the relative price movements in different industries, such as energy, housing, and transportation.

The North Rhine Westphalia Consumer Price Index (CPI) is an important economic calendar event that monitors the changes in the prices of a selected basket of goods and services consumed by households in the North Rhine Westphalia region of Germany. This index serves as a key indicator of inflationary trends within the region and contributes to the overall German CPI.

A higher than expected CPI figure suggests increased inflation, potentially prompting the government and central bank to implement measures to control it, such as increasing interest rates. Conversely, a lower than expected CPI figure may indicate decreased inflation, leading to potential stimulus measures, such as lowering interest rates, to encourage economic growth.

The North Rhine Westphalia CPI can have a significant impact on the German economy, as the region is the most populous and economically significant of the 16 states in Germany. Therefore, investors and analysts closely watch this event to make informed decisions based on the economic outlook of the region, and ultimately, the entire country.

The Saxony Consumer Price Index (CPI) is an important economic event in Germany that measures the change in the prices of a selected basket of goods and services purchased by households in the region of Saxony. This indicator helps assess the inflation rate and the overall cost of living in Saxony, which is one of the 16 federal states of Germany.

The CPI is calculated by comparing the current prices of goods and services with their prices in a base period. A significant increase or decrease in the Saxony CPI can provide valuable insights into the health of the German economy, as it reflects consumer purchasing power, consumption trends, and overall economic stability.

This economic event is closely monitored by analysts, investors, and policymakers, as it can influence monetary policy decisions by the European Central Bank (ECB) and other relevant authorities. By keeping track of the Saxony CPI, one can gauge the effectiveness of economic policies and anticipate potential adjustments necessary to maintain price stability and sustainable economic growth in Germany.

The Saxony Consumer Price Index (CPI) is an important economic calendar event that measures the changes in the price level of a market basket of consumer goods and services in the region of Saxony, Germany. The index plays a vital role in determining the level of inflation and overall economic health of the region.

A rise in the Saxony CPI indicates increased consumer demand, which can be interpreted as a sign of a growing economy. Conversely, a decline in the index may suggest weakened purchasing power and a contracting economy. As one of the largest and most industrialized regions in Germany, trends in Saxony's CPI can potentially influence the nation's overall inflation rate and economic policy decisions.

The consumer price index (CPI) is a measure of change in the general level of prices of goods and services bought by households over a specified period of time. It compares a household's cost for a specific basket of finished goods and services with the cost of the same basket during an earlier benchmark period. The consumer price index is used as a measurement of inflation and is a key economic figure. Likely impact: 1) Interest Rates: Larger-than-expected quarterly increase in price or increasing trend is considered inflationary; this will cause bond prices to dropand yields and interest rates to rise. 2) Stock Prices: Higher than expected price inflation is bearish on the stock market as higher inflation will lead to higher interest rates. 3) Exchange Rates: High inflation has an uncertain effect. It would lead to depreciation as higher prices mean lower competitiveness. Conversely, higher inflation causes higher interest rates and a tighter monetary policy that leads to an appreciation.

The consumer price index (CPI) is a measure of change in the general level of prices of goods and services bought by households over a specified period of time. It compares a household's cost for a specific basket of finished goods and services with the cost of the same basket during an earlier benchmark period. The consumer price index is used as a measurement of inflation and is a key economic figure. Likely impact: 1) Interest Rates: Larger-than-expected quarterly increase in price or increasing trend is considered inflationary; this will cause bond prices to dropand yields and interest rates to rise. 2) Stock Prices: Higher than expected price inflation is bearish on the stock market as higher inflation will lead to higher interest rates. 3) Exchange Rates: High inflation has an uncertain effect. It would lead to depreciation as higher prices mean lower competitiveness. Conversely, higher inflation causes higher interest rates and a tighter monetary policy that leads to an appreciation.

The North Rhine Westphalia CPI (Consumer Price Index) is an economic calendar event for Germany that focuses on the changes in the prices of a basket of consumer goods and services in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. This state is the most populous and economically significant region in Germany, making its CPI an important indicator of overall inflation trends in the country.

The CPI measures the average change in the prices that households pay for various goods and services, including food, clothing, transportation, etc., over a specific period. By tracking these changes, the North Rhine Westphalia CPI provides valuable information about the state of the economy and the purchasing power of consumers in the region.

When the CPI increases, it indicates rising inflation, which may lead to higher interest rates, reduced purchasing power, and a potential decline in the value of investments. On the other hand, a decrease in the CPI suggests lower inflation, which may result in lower interest rates, increased purchasing power, and a possible rise in the value of investments. Investors, policymakers, and market participants closely watch the North Rhine Westphalia CPI data to assess the economic conditions and make informed decisions.

SNB Governing Board members are responsible for setting the nation's key interest rates and their public engagements are often used to drop subtle clu

Monetary aggregates, known also as "money supply", is the quantity of currency available within the economy to purchase goods and services. Depending on the degree of liquidity chosen to define an asset as money, various monetary aggregates are distinguished: M0, M1, M2, M3, M4, etc. Not all of them are used by every country. Note that methodology of calculating money supply varies between countries. M2 is a monetary aggregate that includes all physical currency circulating in the economy (banknotes and coins), operational deposits in central bank, money in current accounts, saving accounts, money market deposits and small certificates of deposit. Excess money supply growth potentially can cause inflation and generate fears that the government may tighten money growth by allowing the interest rates to rise which in turn, lowers future prics.

Bank Lending is a key economic event that reflects the changes in total loans extended by banks in Kuwait within a specified period. This event is significant because it provides insights into the health of the banking sector and the overall economic environment in the country.

When bank lending is on the rise, it implies that businesses and consumers are borrowing money, which in turn stimulates economic growth. On the other hand, a declining trend in bank lending may indicate a downturn in the economy, signaling lower consumer confidence and reduced willingness to invest in new ventures.

Market participants closely follow this event to understand the shifts in the credit market and act accordingly in terms of investment and trading strategies. Furthermore, it guides policymakers in making decisions that impact interest rates and other monetary policies to maintain financial stability.

Business Confidence measures the current business conditions in Portugal. It helps to analyze the economic situation in the short term. A rising trend indicates an increase in business investment which may lead to higher levels of output. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Consumer Confidence measures the level of consumer confidence in economic activity. It is a leading indicator as it can predict consumer spending, which plays a major role in overall economic activity. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy''s health. The impact of Portuguese GDP on the EUR is very small.

The SNB Press Conference is an economic calendar event for Switzerland, where the Swiss National Bank (SNB) communicates its monetary policy decisions to the public. This conference typically occurs quarterly, following the release of the SNB's interest rate decision and monetary policy assessment.

During the press conference, the central bank provides insights into its economic outlook, inflation forecasts, and the factors influencing its policy decisions. Financial market participants closely follow the press conference as it can provide clues about future changes in monetary policy, interest rates, or potential interventions in the foreign exchange market.

Significant policy announcements or shifts in economic projections by the SNB can lead to fluctuations in the Swiss franc's exchange rate or affect the country's financial markets, making this event important for traders and investors focused on Swiss assets.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the average yield on the Buoni del Tesoro Poliannuali or BTP auctioned.

Italian BTP bonds have maturities of five, ten, fifteen and thirty years. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital.

The yield on the BTP represents the return an investor will receive by holding the treasury for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the average yield on the Buoni del Tesoro Poliannuali or BTP auctioned.

Italian BTP bonds have maturities of three,five, ten, fifteen and thirty years. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital.

The yield on the BTP represents the return an investor will receive by holding the treasury for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

The Producer Price Index (PPI) measures the change in the price of goods sold by manufacturers. It is a leading indicator of consumer price inflation, which accounts for the majority of overall inflation.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Producer Price Index (PPI) measures the change in the price of goods sold by manufacturers. It is a leading indicator of consumer price inflation, which accounts for the majority of overall inflation.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Producer Price Index (PPI) measures the change in the price of goods sold by manufacturers. It is a leading indicator of consumer price inflation, which accounts for the majority of overall inflation.

The Business and Consumer Survey is a composite index which measures the level of confidence in the euro zone. The index is compiled from five different indicator surveys which are taken on a monthly basis, including: industrial, services, consumer, retail, and construction. The survey can indicate potential in both consumer and business spending in the euro zone.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Business Climate indicator is based on monthly business surveys and is designed to deliver a clear and timely assessment of the cyclical situation within the euro area. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the EUR, while a lower than expected number as negative.

Consumer Confidence measures the level of consumer confidence in economic activity. It is a leading indicator as it can predict consumer spending, which plays a major role in overall economic activity. The reading is compiled from a survey of about 2,300 consumers in the euro zone which asks respondents to evaluate future economic prospects. Higher readings point to higher consumer optimism.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Consumer Inflation Expectation number is a report by Eurostat that tries to forecast inflation forward, by analysing survey's of consumers all over the Eurozone. The impact on the currency may go both ways, a rise in CPI may lead to a rise in interest rates and a rise in local currency, on the other hand, during recession, a rise in CPI may lead to a deepened recession and therefore a fall in local currency.

Indexes that measures the average change in selling prices received by domestic producers of goods and services over time. PPIs measure price change from the perspective of the seller.

Balances: i.e. Differences between the percentages of respondents giving positive and negative replies.The indicator is an average of the responses (seasonally adjusted balances) to the questions on business climate and evolution of demand.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health. A stronger than expected number should be taken as positive for the EUR and a lower than expected number as negative to the EUR.

Industrial Sentiment is an indicator that measures the mood of consumers or businesses. based on a survey during which respondents rate their opinion on different issues concerning current and future conditions. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the EUR, while a lower than expected number as negative.

The accounts compiled by the Pay and Accounts Offices are consolidated on a monthly basis in the Principal Accounts Offices at the Ministry's headquarters. The consolidated accounts of the Ministry are rendered to the Controller Generalof Accounts. The accounts received from various Ministries are consolidated in the office of the Controller General of Accounts to generate the accounts of theGovernment of India as a whole.

The Autumn Statement of the British Government, also known as the "mini-budget", is one of the two statements HM Treasury makes each year to Parliament upon publication of economic forecasts. It usually involves speeches in the House of Commons by the Chancellor of the Exchequer.

The consumer price index (CPI) is a measure of change in the general level of prices of goods and services bought by households over a specified period of time. It compares a household's cost for a specific basket of finished goods and services with the cost of the same basket during an earlier benchmark period. The consumer price index is used as a measurement of and is a key economic figure. Likely impact: 1) Interest Rates: Larger-than-expected quarterly increase in price inflation or increasing trend is considered inflationary; this will cause bond prices to drop and yields and interest rates to rise. 2) Stock Prices: Higher than expected price inflation is bearish on the stock market as higher inflation will lead to higher interest rates. 3) Exchange Rates: High inflation has an uncertain effect. It would lead to depreciation as higher prices mean lower competitiveness. Conversely, higher inflation causes higher interest rates and a tighter monetary policy that leads to an appreciation.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

GDP measures summary value of goods and services generated in a relevant country or region. A region's gross domestic product, or GDP, is one of the ways for measuring the size of its economy. Expenditure approach - Total expenditures on all finished goods and services produced within the economy. Calculation: GDP using the expenditure approach is derived as the sum of all final expenditures, changes in inventories and exports of goods and services less imports of goods and services. Market influence of GDP Unexpectedly high quarterly GDP growth is perceived to be potentially inflationary if the economy is close to full capacity; this, in turn, causes bond prices to drop and yields and interest rates to rise. Where the stock market is concerned on one side higher than expected growth leads to higher profits and that's good for he stock market.

Israeli Industrial Production measures the change in the seasonally adjusted Industrial Production Index. Industrial Production Index is an economic indicator that measures changes in output for the manufacturing, mining, and utilities. Although these sectors contribute only a small portion of GDP, they are highly sensitive to interest rates and consumer demand. This makes Industrial Production an important tool for forecasting future GDP and economic performance. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the ILS, while a lower than expected number as negative

An index that measures and tracks the changes in price of goods in the stages before the retail level. Wholesale price indexes (WPIs) report monthly to show the average price changes of goods sold in bulk, and they are a group of the indicators that follow growth in the economy. Although some countries still use the WPIs as a measure of inflation, many countries, including the United States, use the producer price index (PPI) instead.

The EU Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices is calculated in each Member State ofthe European Union. The purpose of this index is to allow the comparison of consumer price trends in the different Member States. The following items, constituting approximately 8% of the Irish CPI expenditure weighting, are still excluded from the HICP: mortgage interest, dwelling insurance (non-service), building materials, hospital charges, union subscriptions, motor cycle tax, house insurance content (non-service), motor car tax and motor car insurance (non-service).

The EU Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices is calculated in each Member State ofthe European Union. The purpose of this index is to allow the comparison of consumer price trends in the different Member States. The following items, constituting approximately 8% of the Irish CPI expenditure weighting, are still excluded from the HICP: mortgage interest, dwelling insurance (non-service), building materials, hospital charges, union subscriptions, motor cycle tax, house insurance content (non-service), motor car tax and motor car insurance (non-service).

Fixed 30-year mortgage lending rates for 80% loan-to-value mortgage (source by MBA).

Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA) Mortgage Applications measures the change in the number of new applications for mortgages backed by the MBA during the reported week.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

MBA - Mortgage Bankers Association of America. The Purchase Index includes all mortgages applications for the purchase of a single-family home. It covers the entire market, both conventional and government loans, and all products. The Purchase Index has proven to be a reliable indicator of impending home sales.

MBA - Mortgage Bankers Association of America. The Market Index covers all mortgage applications during the week. This includes all conventional and government applications, all fixed-rate mortgages (FRMs), all adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs), whether for a purchase or to refinance.

MBA - Mortgage Bankers Association of America. The Refinance Index covers all mortgage applications to refinance an existing mortgage. It is the best overall gauge of mortgage refinancing activity. The Refinance Index includes conventional and government refinances, regardless of product (FRM or ARM) or coupon rate refinanced into or out of. Seasonal factors are less significant in refinances than in home sales, however holiday effects are considerable.

Bank Lending measures the change in the total value of outstanding bank loans issued to consumers and businesses. Borrowing and spending are closely correlated with consumer confidence. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the BRL , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the BRL.

The infrastructure sector accounts for 26.68 percent of India's industrial output. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the INR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the INR.

Monetary aggregates, known also as "money supply", is the quantity of currency available within the economy to purchase goods and services. M3 is a broad monetary aggregate that includes all physical currency circulating in the economy (banknotes and coins), operational deposits in central bank, money in current accounts, saving accounts, money market deposits, certificates of deposit, all other deposits and repurchase agreements. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the INR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the INR.

Government deficit or surplus is the net of operating surplus and public debt charges.The budget of a government is a summary or plan of the intended revenues and expenditures of that government. Surplus in general refers to an excess of income over expenditure. Deficit refers to the negative of the budget surplus, thus the excess of expenditure over income. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CAD , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CAD.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the MXN, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the MXN.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the MXN, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the MXN.

The figure measures the Changes in the volume of the physical output of the nation's cooper production. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CLP , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CLP.

Manufacturing Production measures the change in the total inflation-adjusted value of output produced by manufacturers A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CLP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CLP.

The Producer Price Index (PPI) measures average changes in prices received by domestic producers for their output. It is a leading indicator of consumer price inflation, which accounts for the majority of overall inflation. Usually a rise in PPI will lead in a short time to a rise in CPI and therefore to a rising interest rates and rising currency. during recession, the producers are not able to roll over the rising cost of material to the consumer, so a rise in PPI will not be rolled over to the consumer but will lower the profitablility of the producer and will deepen the recession, that will lead to a fall in local currency.

The Business Confidence measures the current business conditions in Spain.

It helps the analysis of the economic situation in the short term. A rising trend indicates increase in business investment which may lead to higher levels of output.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Unemployment Rate measures the percentage of the total work force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment. A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the ILS , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the ILS.

Retail Sales measure the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CLP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CLP.

The Budget Balance is an important economic indicator that measures the difference between a country's government revenues, primarily through taxes, and its expenditures. It is a key measure of a government's fiscal policy and its impact on the economy.

A positive budget balance, known as a surplus, indicates that government revenues exceed expenditures, suggesting strong fiscal management and room for potential investments in public goods and services. On the other hand, a negative budget balance, known as a deficit, implies higher government spending than revenue generation, often leading to increased borrowing and potential long-term economic challenges.

Investors, economists, and policymakers closely monitor the budget balance as it can provide valuable insight into the country's economic health and potential future policy changes. In South Africa, significant shifts in budget balance trends can influence market sentiment and the value of the country's currency, the South African Rand (ZAR).

The Budget Balance is an economic calendar event for South Africa that measures the difference between the government's income, primarily from taxes, and its expenditures over a specific period. A positive balance signifies a budget surplus, while a negative balance indicates a budget deficit.

This economic indicator is vital as it provides insights into the country's fiscal policies and the government's ability to manage its finances. A consistent budget surplus may imply that the government has ample resources to invest in public services, infrastructure, and other projects, potentially leading to economic growth. On the other hand, a persistent deficit may signal the need for the government to either reduce spending or increase revenue, possibly affecting economic stability and growth prospects.

Investors, traders, businesses, and policymakers closely monitor South Africa's Budget Balance to better understand the country's economic health and make informed decisions regarding investments and strategies.

The ADP National Employment Report is a measure of the monthly change in non-farm, private employment, based on the payroll data of approximately 400,000 U.S. business clients. The release, two days ahead of government data, is a good predictor of the government's non-farm payroll report. The change in this indicator can be very volatile.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

Bank of Canada (BOC) Governor Tiff Macklem (June 2020 - June 2027) will speak. As head of the BOC's Governing Council, which controls key short-term interest rates, Macklem has more influence over the Canadian dollar's value than any other person. Traders scrutinize his public engagements for clues regarding future monetary policy. His comments may determine a short-term positive or negative trend.

The Core Personal Consumption Expenditure (PCE) Prices release measures the changes in the price of goods and services purchased by consumers for the purpose of consumption, excluding food and energy. Prices are weighted according to total expenditure per item. It measures price change from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends and inflation.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

Actual > Forecast = Good for currency Frequency: Released monthly. There are 3 versions of GDP released a month apart - Advance, second release and Final. Both the advance the second release are tagged as preliminary in the economic calendar.

The GDP Price Index measures the annualized change in the price of all goods and services included in gross domestic product.It is the broadest inflationary indicator.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

GDP Sales, also known as the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) value of sales, is a key economic indicator that reflects the total value of goods and services produced and sold by a country over a specific period of time. This economic calendar event not only measures the overall health of an economy, but it also provides valuable insights into consumer spending habits, business investments, and government expenditures.

A higher than expected GDP Sales figure is generally seen as a positive sign for the economy, indicating that it is growing and prospering. On the other hand, a lower than expected figure can suggest a contraction in the economy, which may lead to concerns about a potential recession. As a result, investors and policymakers closely monitor GDP Sales data to assess the overall economic outlook and make informed decisions on monetary policy and investment strategies.

The Personal Consumption Expenditure (PCE) Prices release measures the changes in the price of goods and services purchased by consumers for the purpose of consumption. Prices are weighted according to total expenditure per item. It measures price change from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends and inflation.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

Real Consumer Spending measures the inflation adjusted amount of money spent by households in the US economy.

The spending includes durables, such as washing machines, and non durables, such as food. It is also known as consumption, and is measured monthly.

John Maynard Keynes, the famous British economist, considered consumer spending to be the most important determinant of short-term demand in an economy.

A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the USD, while a lower than expected number as negative.

The Spring Statement is an important economic event in the United Kingdom which is typically held in March each year. Presented by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, it serves as an update to the nation's fiscal and economic outlook as well as any adjustments to the government's spending plans.

While the Spring Statement is not as comprehensive as the annual Budget announcement, it still provides valuable information and insights into the health of the UK economy, government's priorities, and potential implications for businesses and individuals. Key aspects of the Spring Statement often include updates on economic growth, inflation, employment, public finances, and notable changes to fiscal policy.

Market participants, investors, and analysts closely monitor the Spring Statement, as it can have significant implications for financial markets and the broader economy. Unanticipated announcements or policy adjustments can lead to fluctuations in currency value, stock prices, and borrowing costs, making the Spring Statement a crucial event in the UK's economic calendar.

The German Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the changes in the price of goods and services purchased by consumers.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The German Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the changes in the price of goods and services purchased by consumers.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) in an index of consumer prices calculated and published by Eurostat, the Statistical Office of the European Union (EU), on the basis of a statistical methodology that has been harmonised across all EU Member States. HICP is a measure of prices used by the Governing Council of EU to define and assess price stability in the euro area as a whole in quantitative terms.The HICP are designed expressly for international comparisons of consumer price inflation across EU Member States. these harmonized inflation figures will be used to inform decisions on which Member States meet price stability convergence criterion for EMU. However, they are not intended to replace existing national Consumer Price Indices (CPIs). The coverage of the indices is based on the EU classification COICOP (classification of individual consumption by purpose).

Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) in an index of consumer prices calculated and published by Eurostat, the Statistical Office of the European Union (EU), on the basis of a statistical methodology that has been harmonised across all EU Member States. HICP is a measure of prices used by the Governing Council of EU to define and assess price stability in the euro area as a whole in quantitative terms.The HICP are designed expressly for international comparisons of consumer price inflation across EU Member States. these harmonized inflation figures will be used to inform decisions on which Member States meet price stability convergence criterion for EMU. However, they are not intended to replace existing national Consumer Price Indices (CPIs). The coverage of the indices is based on the EU classification COICOP (classification of individual consumption by purpose).

The National Association of Realtors (NAR) Pending Home Sales Report measures the change in the number of homes under contract to be sold but still awaiting the closing transaction, excluding new construction.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

The National Association of Realtors (NAR) Pending Home Sales Report measures the change in the number of homes under contract to be sold but still awaiting the closing transaction, excluding new construction. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the USD, while a lower than expected number as negative.

The Energy Information Administration's (EIA) Crude Oil Inventories measures the weekly change in the number of barrels of commercial crude oil held by US firms. The level of inventories influences the price of petroleum products, which can have an impact on inflation.

If the increase in crude inventories is more than expected, it implies weaker demand and is bearish for crude prices. The same can be said if a decline in inventories is less than expected.

If the increase in crude is less than expected, it implies greater demand and is bullish for crude prices. The same can be said if a decline in inventories is more than expected.

The EIA Refinery Crude Runs is an economic calendar event that focuses on the weekly report provided by the United States Energy Information Administration (EIA). This report features data on the total volume of crude oil processed within American refineries, also known as crude runs.

An increase in refinery crude runs could indicate higher demand for crude oil, which in turn corresponds to strong economic growth. On the other hand, a decrease in refinery crude runs may signal a possible decline in demand for crude oil or refining capacity, reflecting weakening economic activity. As a result, industry participants and market analysts pay close attention to this data, as it can significantly impact the crude oil market and provide insights into the overall health of the US economy.

Crude Oil Imports is an economic calendar event that highlights the change in the volume of imported crude oil into the United States. This information provides valuable insights into the overall health of the US energy sector and the nation's reliance on foreign oil supplies.

A positive change in the volume of crude oil imports indicates an increasing demand for oil, which could be driven by factors such as economic growth and rising industrial activity. Conversely, a decrease in crude oil imports may suggest a decline in demand or an increase in domestic oil production. This data can have a significant impact on the oil market and the value of the US dollar, as well as influencing the decisions of policymakers and investors.

Crude Oil Imports is typically monitored by energy market participants, economists, and policymakers, as it can provide useful insights into the dynamics of the energy market and potential shifts in global market trends. The data is released by the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) on a weekly basis, and it is widely regarded as a key indicator of the US energy market's performance.

Change in the number of barrels of crude oil held in storage at the Cushing, Oklahoma during the past week. Storage levels at Cushing are important because it serves as the delivery point for the U.S. crude oil benchmark, West Texas Intermediate.

Distillate Fuel Production is an important economic indicator that provides insight into the overall energy production and demand in the United States. Distillate fuels, such as diesel and heating oil, are commonly used for a variety of purposes, including transportation, heating, and industrial processes. This data is closely monitored by both investors and policymakers as a measure of the health of the energy sector and the overall economy.

Increased distillate fuel production can result from rising demand due to economic growth, seasonal factors, or changes in energy policies. Conversely, decreased production can reflect weakening demand or supply disruptions. This indicator's fluctuations may impact the prices of distillate fuels, which in turn can affect consumer spending, inflation, and trade balances.

Distillate Fuel Production figures are typically released on a weekly basis by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), providing updated and relevant data for traders, investors, and businesses alike. Understanding the trends and patterns in this data can help inform decision-making processes and investment strategies.

The Energy Information Administration reports inventory levels of US crude oil, gasoline and distillates stocks. The figure shows how much oil and product is available in storage. The indicator gives an overview of US petroleum demand.

Gasoline Production is a significant economic calendar event that pertains to the United States. It indicates the volume of gasoline manufactured domestically on a weekly basis. The data is collected and published by the Energy Information Administration (EIA).

As gasoline is a key component in fueling the transportation sector, its production levels have a notable impact on energy prices, supply chains, and consequently, the overall economy. When gasoline production increases, it reflects positively on the industrial sector's performance and serves as an indicator of economic growth.

However, high gasoline production levels may also lead to an oversupply in the market, causing prices to drop. Investors and analysts track the Gasoline Production report to make informed decisions regarding the energy and transportation sectors' performance and predict the potential implications on the general economy.

Heating Oil Stockpiles is an economic calendar event that provides insights into the United States' current inventory levels of distillate fuel oil, which is primarily used for home heating purposes. These stockpiles are essentially reserves of heating oil that are stored, produced, and supplied to meet the country's demand during cold months and fluctuating market conditions.

Tracking heating oil stockpile trends can help investors gauge the overall health of the energy market and anticipate potential price fluctuations in heating oil. Significant changes in the stockpile levels may indicate disparities between supply and demand for the commodity, thus affecting its market price. These data can also provide valuable information about the performance and stability of refining companies, distributors, and other businesses within the oil and gas industry.

This economic calendar event is typically released by the United States Energy Information Administration (EIA) on a weekly basis. Investors, traders, and analysts closely monitor these data to formulate strategies and make informed decisions in the energy markets.

The EIA Weekly Refinery Utilization Rates is an important economic calendar event that provides valuable insights into the weekly performance of refineries in the United States. The Energy Information Administration (EIA) releases this report to measure the percentage of available refining capacity that is being utilized by refineries during the specified period.

These utilization rates are critical for market participants, policymakers, and analysts as they offer a clear picture of the state of the refinery sector. Changes in refinery utilization rates may indicate shifts in the overall energy market, including the demand and supply dynamics for crude oil, gasoline, and other petroleum products. Should the rates rise, it may signal increasing demand for fuel or strong economic activity, while declining rates can be a sign of weakening demand or economic slowdown.

Investors, traders and businesses typically use this information to help them make decisions and predictions about the energy market, oil prices, and the overall performance of the economy. Hence, the EIA Weekly Refinery Utilization Rates constitutes a highly significant economic calendar event for the United States.

Gasoline Inventories measures the change in the number of barrels of commercial gasoline held in inventory by commercial firms during the reported week. The data influences the price of gasoline products which affects inflation.

The data has no consistent effect, there are both inflationary and growth implications.

The M3 Money Supply event is an important economic indicator for Saudi Arabia that provides insights into the nation's monetary policy and overall economic health. It measures the total amount of money available within the economy, including all forms of currency, deposits, and other financial assets that can be easily converted into cash.

This event is closely monitored by investors, policymakers, and economists to understand the trends in the nation's money supply, which can directly impact inflation rates, exchange rates, and overall economic stability. An increasing M3 Money Supply may lead to higher inflation and economic growth, while a decreasing M3 Money Supply may signal an economic slowdown or contraction.

By regularly tracking the M3 Money Supply event, stakeholders and market participants can gain valuable insights into Saudi Arabia's economic outlook and make informed decisions in their investment and policy-making strategies.

Private Sector Loans is an economic calendar event in Saudi Arabia that reflects the financial activity and lending conditions between local banks and private businesses within the kingdom. This event provides valuable insights into the overall health of the Saudi Arabian economy and the level of confidence that businesses have in the financial system.

The data signifies the volume of loans provided to companies, businesses, and individuals in the Saudi private sector, which has a direct impact on consumption, investments, and growth initiatives that shape the nation's economy. By monitoring this event, investors, stakeholders, and policymakers can evaluate the health of the credit market and business activity in Saudi Arabia, which is crucial for understanding how the monetary policy and credit conditions affect market trends and the overall economic performance of the country.

Isabel Schnabel, member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank, is set to speak. Her speeches often contain indications on the future possible direction of monetary policy.

Russian Real Wage Growth is an important economic calendar event that tracks the changes in salaries, adjusted for inflation, in Russia. This indicator takes into account the variation in consumer prices to provide a more accurate picture of salary increases or decreases. Real wage growth is a key measure to assess the overall economic health of the country and plays a crucial role in the wellbeing of citizens.

A positive real wage growth rate shows that the salary increases outpace inflation, allowing citizens to comfortably meet their living expenses and contribute to the growth of the national economy. On the other hand, a negative real wage growth rate implies that salary increments lag behind inflation, limiting the purchasing power of individuals and possibly hampering overall economic development.

As a result, the Russian Real Wage Growth event holds significant interest among investors, policymakers, and market analysts. Higher than expected figures indicate favorable economic conditions, while lower than expected numbers may hint at potential economic challenges or a slowdown.

The Retail Sales is a monthly measurement of all goods sold by retailers based on a sampling of retail stores of different types and sizes in Russia excluding auto. It is an important indicator of consumer spending and also correlated to consumer confidence.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the RUB, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the RUB.

The Unemployment Rate is a measure of the percentage of the total labor force that is unemployed but actively seeking employment and willing to work in Russia.

A high percentage indicates weakness in the labor market. A low percentage is a positive indicator for the labor market in Russia and should be taken as positive for the RUB.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the RUB, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the RUB.

Business Confidence rates the current level of business conditions. It helps to analyze the economic situation in the short term. A rising trend indicates an increase in business investment which may lead to higher levels of output.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the RUB, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the RUB.

Employment is the total number of persons above a specified age, who in a short reference period (e.g. a week or a day), were in paid employment or self-employment. Paid employment includes persons who worked in the reference period or who had a job but were temporarily absent from work. Self-employment includes persons who either worked in the reference period or were temporarily absent from work. Series data show evolution of formal employment in Brazil. It is measured by the movements declared in CAGED - Cadastro Geral de Empregados e Desempregados (General Register of Employment and Unemployment) of the Ministry of Labour. There are separate series for thousands of admitted and dismissed employees per month (registered in CAGED), as well as for net, i.e. admitted less dismissed. Totals of admitted, dismissed and net are also broken down to eight main sectors of economic activity according to the IBGE.

The indicator shows the amount of capital flows that is directed to the country by foreign investors. Capital flows are essential for developing and emerging markets. They contribute to enhancing investments and financing current account deficits. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the BRL , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the BRL.

Deutsche Bundesbank President and voting member of the ECB Governing Council from Jan 2022. He's believed to be one of the most influential members of the council. ECB Governing Council members vote on where to set the Eurozone's key interest rates and their public engagements are often used to drop subtle clues regarding future monetary policy.

SHCP = Secretaria de Hacienday Credito Publico. Public sector includes : Federal Government and organizations and companies under the direct budgetary control and indirect budgetary control.

Market volatility is sometimes experienced during speeches as traders attempt to decipher interest rate clues. As Senior Deputy Governor, Ms. Rogers will oversee the Bank’s strategic planning and operations, and provide leadership for the Bank’s role in promoting a stable and efficient financial system. As a member of the Bank’s Governing Council, she will share responsibility for the conduct of monetary policy. She will also be a member of the Bank’s Board of Directors.

Industrial Production measures the change in the total inflation-adjusted value of output produced by manufacturers, mines, and utilities.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the KRW, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the KRW.

Industrial Production measures the change in the total inflation-adjusted value of output produced by manufacturers, mines, and utilities.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the KRW, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the KRW.

Retail Sales measure the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the KRW, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the KRW.

The Service Sector Output shows the volume of production of South Korean service industries. A higher output is considered inflationary, which may indicate a possible interest rates hike.

A reading that is stronger than forecast is generally supportive (bullish) for the KRW, while a weaker than forecast reading is generally negative (bearish) for the KRW.

Industrial Production measures the change in the total inflation-adjusted value of output produced by manufacturers, mines, and utilities.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the JPY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the JPY.

Industrial Production Index is an economic indicator that measures changes in output for the manufacturing, mining, and utilities. Although these sectors contribute only a small portion of GDP, they are highly sensitive to interest rates and consumer demand. This makes Industrial Production an important tool for forecasting future GDP and economic performance. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the JPY, while a lower than expected number as negative.

Industrial Production Index is an economic indicator that measures changes in output for the manufacturing, mining, and utilities. Although these sectors contribute only a small portion of GDP, they are highly sensitive to interest rates and consumer demand. This makes Industrial Production an important tool for forecasting future GDP and economic performance. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the JPY, while a lower than expected number as negative.

In Japan, the year-over-year change in Retail sales compares the aggregated sales of retail goods and services during a certain month to the same month a year ago.

Retail Sales measure the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the JPY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the JPY.

Foreign Bonds Buying number measures the flow from the public sector excluding Bank of Japan. The Net data shows the difference of capital inflow and outflow. A positive difference indicates net sales of foreign securities by residents (capital inflow), and a negative difference indicates net purchases of foreign securities by residents (capital outflow). A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the JPY, while a lower than expected number as negative.

Balance of payments is a set of accounts recording all economic transactions between the residents of the country and the rest of the world in a given period of time, usually one year. Payments into the country are called credits, payments out of the country are called debits. There are three main components of a balance of payments: - current account - capital account - financial account Either a surplus or a deficit can be shown in any of these components. Balance of payments shows strenghts and weaknesses in a country's economy and therefore helps to achieve balanced economic growth. The release of a balance of payments can have a significant effect on the exchange rate of a national currency against other currencies. It is also important to investors of domestic companies that depend on exports. Securities investment, contract basis. Securities investment refers to flows from the public sector excluding Bank of Japan. Bonds include beneficiary certificates but exclude all bills. The Net data shows the difference of capital inflow and outflow.

Large Retailers' Sales measures the total value of goods sold in large department stores, chain convenience stores and supermarkets. It is a leading indicator of consumer confidence.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the JPY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the JPY.

The Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (ANZ) Business Confidence measures the current business conditions in New Zealand. It helps to analyze the economic situation in the short term. A rising trend indicates an increase in business investment which may lead to higher levels of output.

It is concluded from a monthly survey of about 1,500 businesses which asks respondents to rate the year ahead economic outlook.

Above 50% indicates optimism, below indicates pessimism.

The Business Outlook is designed to provide a snapshot of business opinions regarding the expected future state of their business and the New Zealand economy overall. It is a monthly sample survey with around 700 respondents. The statistic is a good predictor of the future business situation, even though the survey asks for conditions twelve month hence. However, for items as price of goods and service as well as capacity utilization, the statistics predicts condition three month hence. The Net index (% expecting increase (improve/rise) minus % expecting decrease (worsen/decline). U = no survey is made in January.

The export prices number tracks price changes of goods. The figure is used to determine whether a change in the headline Export figure is representative of an increase of goods sold to foreign nations or just an increase in the price of export goods. The headline figure is the percentage change in the index from either the previous month or year. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the AUD, while a lower than expected number as negative.

Housing credit includes housing loans outstanding to persons by banks, permanentbuilding societies, credit unions, money market corporations and finance companies. Lending and credit to the private non-finance sector (including public trading enterprises) or, where stated, the government sector, by those financial intermediaries whose liabilities are included in broad money.

The Import Price Index measures the change in the price of imported goods and services purchased domestically.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the AUD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the AUD.

Private Sector Credit measures the change in the total value of new credit issued to consumers and businesses.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the AUD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the AUD.

Retail Sales measure the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the AUD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the AUD.

Building Approvals (also known as Building Permits) measures the change in the number of new building approvals issued by the government. Building permits are key indicator of demand in the housing market.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the AUD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the AUD.

Construction industry provides information on construction output and activity. Such information gives an insight into the supply on the housing and construction market. Rising number of new construction starts or value of construction completed reflects higher consumer and business optimism. Expanding construction indicates growth in the housing market and predicts an increase in the overall economy. However, an excessive supply of new buildings may result in a drop in housing prices. The construction industry is one of the first to go into a recession when the economy declines but also to recover as conditions improve. Statistics of building work approved are compiled from: permits issued by local government authorities; contracts let or day labour work authorised by Commonwealth, State, semi-government and local government authorities; major building activity in areas not subject to normal administrative approval e.g. building on remote mine sites.

Retail sales data represents total consumer purchase from retail stores. It provides valuable information about consumer spending which makes up the consumption part of GDP. The most volatile components like autos, gas prices and food prices are often removed from the report to show more underlying demand patterns as changes in sales in these categories are frequently a result of price changes. It is not adjusted for inflation. Spending on services is not included. Rising retail sales indicate stronger economic growth. However, if the increase is larger than forecast, it may be inflationary. Estimates of turnover are based on a survey of about 7000 retail and selected service businesses (covering 20000 outlets). All large businesses are included in the survey, while a sample of about 4400 smaller businesses is selected. The large business contribution of approximately 54% of the total estimate ensures a highly reliable Australian total turnover estimate.

The Building Approvals report is a significant economic indicator in Australia, offering insights into the development and growth of the housing sector. This data provides estimations of future construction activity, and by extension, the wellbeing of the construction industry. The number of buildings approved for construction helps analysts to evaluate job prospects in the sector and to predict if any fluctuations in the housing market are imminent.

Building approvals also indicate the confidence level of builders and can reflect expectations about the economy’s overall health. A high number of approvals might suggest high future investment in construction and therefore overall economic growth. Conversely, a decrease might signal a decline in the construction sector and potentially wider economic troubles. For these reasons, the Building Approvals report is closely watched by economists, investors, and policy makers alike.

The Composite PMI Index measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the both sectors. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector; a reading below 50 indicates contraction. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CNY , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CNY.

China Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) provides an early indication each month of economic activities in the Chinese manufacturing sector.It is compiled by China Federation of Logistics & Purchasing (CFLP) and China Logistics Information Centre (CLIC), based on data collected by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS).Li & Fung Research Centre is responsible for drafting and disseminating the English PMI report. Every month questionnaires are sent to over 700 manufacturing enterprises all over China. The data presented here is compiled from the enterprises responses about their purchasing activities and supply situations. The PMI should be compared to other economic data sources when used in decision-making. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CNY , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CNY.

China Non-Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) provides an early indication each month of economic activities in the Chinese Non-manufacturing sector.It is compiled by China Federation of Logistics & Purchasing (CFLP) and China Logistics Information Centre (CLIC), based on data collected by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS).Li & Fung Research Centre is responsible for drafting and disseminating the English PMI report. Every month questionnaires are sent to over 700 Non-manufacturing enterprises all over China. The data presented here is compiled from the enterprises responses about their purchasing activities and supply situations. The PMI should be compared to other economic data sources when used in decision-making. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CNY , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CNY.

This economic calendar event refers to a public speaking engagement by one of the Members of the Bank of England's (BoE) Financial Stability Committee, Sarah Breeden. These engagements may include speeches, panel discussions or testimony before parliament.

When BoE Breeden speaks, her remarks can provide valuable insight into both the current state of the UK economy and the Bank's monetary policy stance. Market participants, such as traders and investors, pay close attention to her speeches, as they may contain hints about potential shifts in monetary policy which can have a significant impact on financial markets and currency exchange rates.

M3 Money Supply measures the change in the total quantity of domestic currency in circulation and deposited in banks. An increasing supply of money leads to additional spending, which in turn leads to inflation.

Bank of Japan Monetary Policy Statement contains the outcome of the BoJ’s decision on asset purchases and commentary about the economic conditions that influenced their decision.

Bank of Japan (BOJ) policy board members come to a consensus on where to set the rate. Traders watch interest rate changes closely as short term interest rates are the primary factor in currency valuation.

A higher than expected rate is positive/bullish for the JPY, while a lower than expected rate is negative/bearish for the JPY.

Bank of Japan Outlook Report provides insight into the BoJ’s view of economic conditions and inflation - key factors which shape the future of monetary policy.

Construction Orders number checks with 50 representative construction companies in Japan as subjects, the survey uses mail questionnaires to collect the information. The survey data are used to tabulate: amount of orders received (separately for investors and construction type); completed work amount in a month; amount of unfinished construction at the end of the month; and remaining orders received in terms of the number of months. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the JPY, while a lower than expected number as negative.

Housing starts measures the change in the annualized number of new residential buildings that began construction during the reported month. It is a leading indicator of strength in the housing sector.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the JPY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the JPY.

Consumer Price index is the most frequently used indicator of and reflect changes in the cost of acquiring a fixed basket of goods and services by the average consumer. The weights are usually derived from household expenditure surveys. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

GDP measures summary value of goods and services generated in a relevant country or region. A region's gross domestic product, or GDP, is one of the ways for measuring the size of its economy. Production approach - The sum of the value added created through the production of goods and services within the economy. Calculation: GDP using the production approach is derived as the sum of gross value added for each industry plus taxes less subsidies on products. Value added is the newly created value in the production process. It is calculated as the value of output less the value of intermediate consumption. Market influence of GDP Unexpectedly high quarterly GDP growth is perceived to be potentially inflationary if the economy is close to full capacity; this, in turn, causes bond prices to drop and yields and interest rates to rise. Where the stock market is concerned on one side higher than expected growth leads to higher profits and that's good for the stock market.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a key economic indicator for Saudi Arabia. It reflects the overall performance and health of the economy. This quarterly event measures the total value of all goods and services produced in the country, including consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports.

An increase in GDP indicates economic growth, which may signal a strong move towards job creation and increased consumer spending. On the other hand, a decline in GDP can signal a declining economy, which may result in job losses and decreased consumer spending. Investors, analysts, and policymakers monitor GDP data to make informed decisions and projections about Saudi Arabia's economic future.

Retail Sales measure the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity.

Retail Sales measure the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity.

The Bank of Japan (BOJ) press conference looks at the factors that affected the most recent interest rate decision, the overall economic outlook, inflation and offers insights into future monetary policy decisions.

The definition for an unemployed person is: Persons (16-65 years) who were available for work (except for temporary illness) but did not work during the survey week, and who made specific efforts to find a job within the previous 4 weeks by going to an employment agency, by applying directly to an employer, by answering a job ad, or being on a union or professional register. The percentage number is calculated unemployed / (employed + unemployed). A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the DKK , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the DKK.

M3 Money Supply measures the change in the total quantity of domestic currency in circulation and deposited in banks. An increasing supply of money leads to additional spending, which in turn leads to inflation.

C2 stands for ""Credit from domestic sources in NOK and foreign currency"", ie ""the indicator of gross domestic debt for the non-financial private sector and municipalities in NOK and foreign currency"". In addition to C1, ""Credit from domestic sources in NOK and foreign currency"" (C2) consists of lending to the public in foreign currency by Norwegian financial corporations. All growth rate calculations based on holdings which include foreign currency loans are adjusted for changes in exchange rates in order to eliminate all changes not related to transactions. The growth rate calculations are also adjusted for statistical breaks which are not attributable to transactions or valuation changes. An example of this kind of break could be that a financial enterprise moves from one sector to another.

German Retail Sales measures the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level, excluding automobiles and gas stations. It is the primary indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of economic activity.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

German Retail Sales measures the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level, excluding automobiles and gas stations. It is the primary indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of economic activity.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Balance of payments is a set of accounts recording all economic transactions between the residents of the country and the rest of the world in a given period of time, usually one year. Payments into the country are called credits, payments out of the country are called debits. There are three main components of a balance of payments: - current account - capital account - financial account Either a surplus or a deficit can be shown in any of these components. Current account records the values of the following: - trade balance exports and imports of goods and services - income payments and expenditure interest, dividends, salaries - unilateral transfers aid, taxes, one-way gifts It shows how a country deals with the global economy on a non-investment basis. Balance of payments shows strengths ans weaknesses in a country's economy and therefore helps to achieve balanced economic growth. The release of a balance of payments can have a significant effect on the exchange rate of a national currency against other currencies. It is also important to investors of domestic companies that depend on exports. Positive current account balance is when inflows from its components into the country exceed outflows of the capital leaving the country. Current account surplus may strengthen the demand for local currency. Persistent deficit may lead to a depreciation of a currency.

Exports of goods and services consist of transactions in goods and services (sales, barter, gifts or grants) from residents to non-residents. A function of international trade whereby goods produced in one country are shipped to another country for future sale or trade. The sale of such goods addsto the producing nation's gross output. If used for trade, exports are exchangedfor other products or services. Exports are one of the oldest forms of economic transfer, and occur on a large scale between nations that have fewer restrictions on trade, such as tariffs or subsidies.

Imports of goods and services consist of transactions in goods and services (purchases, barter, gifts or grants) from non-residents to residents. A good or service brought into one country from another. Along with exports, imports form the backbone of international trade. The higher the value of imports entering a country, compared to the value of exports, the more negative that country's balance of trade becomes.

The Private Consumption Index (PCI) measures monthly private consumption expenditure. A rising value reflects increased consumer spending.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the THB, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the THB.

Private Investment Index is a composite index representing private investment conditions. It is constructed from 5 components including construction area permitted in municipal zone, domestic cement sales, import of capital goods at constant price, commercial car sales and domestic machinery sales. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the THB , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the THB.

The Trade Balance measures the difference in value between imported and exported goods and services over the reported period. A positive number indicates that more goods and services were exported than imported.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the THB, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the THB.

This indicator provides the amount spent in Bilions of Usd by Foreign tourists. Tourism revenue is highly important for Turkey as an emerging economy. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the TRY , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the TRY.

Foreign trade statistics include imports, imports with waiver and exports. Import figures include all direct imports to the country for domestic consumption also goods entering the customs area for temporary admission transit transhipment or to be stored in a bonded warehouse and then offered to the domestic market after modification of their import status Exports include goods produced domestically. Foreign trade statistics exclude export and import data obtained from duty-free zones and duty-free shops. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the TRY , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the TRY.

Exports free on board (f.o.b.) and Imports cost insurance freight (c.i.f.) are, in general, customs statistics reported under the general trade statistics according to the recommendations of the UN International Trade Statistics. For some countries Imports are reported as f.o.b. instead of c.i.f. which is generally accepted. When reporting Imports as f.o.b. you will have the effect ofreducing the value of Imports by the amount of the cost of insurance and freight.

Exports free on board (f.o.b.) and Imports cost insurance freight (c.i.f.) are, in general, customs statistics reported under the general trade statistics according to the recommendations of the UN International Trade Statistics. For some countries Imports are reported as f.o.b. instead of c.i.f. which is generally accepted. When reporting Imports as f.o.b. you will have the effect ofreducing the value of Imports by the amount of the cost of insurance and freight.

Foreign trade statistics include imports, imports with waiver and exports. Import figures include all direct imports to the country for domestic consumption also goods entering the customs area for temporary admission transit transhipment or to be stored in a bonded warehouse and then offered to the domestic market after modification of their import status Exports include goods produced domestically. Foreign trade statistics exclude export and import data obtained from duty-free zones and duty-free shops. Items not considered as exports include; -Border and coastal trade -Transit and re-export trade -Exports with waiver -Temporary exports, -Goods returned to their place of origin and -Exports of imports with waiver by temporary admission or by temporary exemption.

Consumer Price Index is defined as a measure of the weighted aggregate change in retail prices paid by consumers for a given basket of goods and services. Price changes are measured by re-pricing the same basket of goods and services at regular intervals, and comparing aggregate costs with the costs of the same basket in a selected base period Price data for constructing the indices are collected by Kenya National Bureau of Statistics through a survey of retail prices for consumption goods and services. The percentage change of the CPI over a one-year period is what is usually referred to as

The German Import Price Index measures the change in the price of imported goods purchased domestically.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The consumer price index (CPI) is a measure of change in the general level of prices of goods and services bought by households over a specified period of time. It compares a household's cost for a specific basket of finished goods and services with the cost of the same basket during an earlier benchmark period. The consumer price index is used as a measurement of inflation and is a key economic figure. Likely impact: 1) Interest Rates: Larger-than-expected quarterly increase in price inflation or increasing trend is considered inflationary; this will cause bond prices to drop and yields and interest rates to rise. 2) Stock Prices: Higher than expected price inflation is bearish on the stock market as higher inflation will lead to higher interest rates. 3) Exchange Rates: High inflation has an uncertain effect. It would lead to depreciation as higher prices mean lower competitiveness. Conversely, higher inflation causes higher interest rates and a tighter monetary policy that leads to an appreciation.

The consumer price index (CPI) is a measure of change in the general level of prices of goods and services bought by households over a specified period of time. It compares a household's cost for a specific basket of finished goods and services with the cost of the same basket during an earlier benchmark period.

The consumer price index is used as a measurement of and is a key economic figure. Likely impact:

1) Interest Rates: Larger-than-expected quarterly increase in price inflation or increasing trend is considered inflationary; this will cause bond prices to drop and yields and interest rates to rise.

2) Stock Prices: Higher than expected price inflation is bearish on the stock market as higher inflation will lead to higher interest rates.

3) Exchange Rates: High inflation has an uncertain effect. It would lead to depreciation as higher prices mean lower competitiveness. Conversely, higher inflation causes higher interest rates and a tighter monetary policy that leads to an appreciation.

Producer Price Index (PPI) measures a change in the prices of goods and services, over a span of time, either as they leave their place of production oras they enter the production process. PPI measures a change in the prices received by domestic producers for their outputs or the change in the prices paid by domestic producers for their intermediate inputs. Inflation at this producer level often gets passed through to the Consumer Price Index (CPI).

Trade balance, called also net export, is the difference between the value of country's exports and imports, over a period of time. A positive balance (trade surplus) means that exports exceed imports, a negative one means the opposite. Positive trade balance illustrates high competitiveness of country's economy. This strengthens investors' interest in the local currency, appreciating its exchange rate.

The French Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the changes in the price of goods and services purchased by consumers.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The French Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the changes in the price of goods and services purchased by consumers. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Producer Price Index (PPI) measures the change in the price of goods sold by manufacturers. It is a leading indicator of consumer price inflation, which accounts for the majority of overall inflation.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

The Producer Price Index (PPI) measures the change in the price of goods sold by manufacturers. It is a leading indicator of consumer price inflation, which accounts for the majority of overall inflation.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices, is the same as CPI, but with a joint basket of products for all Eurozone member countries. The impact on the currency may go both ways, a rise in CPI may lead to a rise in interest rates and a rise in local currency, on the other hand, during recession, a rise in CPI may lead to a deepened recession and therefore a fall in local currency.

Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices, is the same as CPI, but with a joint basket of products for all Eurozone member countries. The impact on the currency may go both ways, a rise in CPI may lead to a rise in interest rates and a rise in local currency, on the other hand, during recession, a rise in CPI may lead to a deepened recession and therefore a fall in local currency.

The official reserve assets are assets denominated in foreign currency, readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for meeting balance of payments financing needs, intervening in exchange markets to affect the currency exchange rate, and for other related purposes (such as maintaining confidence in the currency and the economy, and serving as a basis for foreign borrowing). They present a very comprehensive picture on a monthly basis of stocks at market price, transactions, foreign exchange and market revaluations and other changes in volume.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the TWD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the TWD.

Tourism is a service based industry that applies to people's traveling and staying in a place that is not their usual environment and for the purpose of leisure, not business. It includes such elements as accommodation, food and beverages, souvenirs, tours, transport but also relaxation, adventure, culture. Tourism can substantially impact economic development of both host countries and home countries of tourists. However, consequences can be both positive and negative. Benefits from tourism industry concern: income from tourists expenditures as well as imports and exports of goods and services, contributions to government revenues from taxes put on tourism businesses, stimulation of infrastructure investment and new employment opportunities. However, a country or region should not be dependent only on this one industry. The seasonal character of tourism causes problems such as insecurity of seasonal workers that concern e.g. lack of guarantee of employment in next seasons and therefore difficulties in getting employment related medical benefits. In addition, local residents often experience increase in prices for basic goods and services whereas their income remains unchanged. Moreover, as demand in real estate rises in tourist regions, building costs and land values also go up.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

The impact on the currency may go both ways, a rise in CPI may lead to a rise in interest rates and a rise in local currency, on the other hand, during recession, a rise in CPI may lead to a deepened recession and therefore a fall in local currency.

A measure that examines the weighted average of prices of a basket of consumer goods and services, such as transportation, food and medical care. The CPI is calculated by taking price changes for each item in the predetermined basket of goods and averaging them; the goods are weighted according to their importance. Changes in CPI are used to assess price changes associated with the cost of living.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) in an index of consumer prices calculated and published by Eurostat, the Statistical Office of the European Union (EU), on the basis of a statistical methodology that has been harmonised across all EU Member States. HICP is a measure of prices used by the Governing Council of EU to define and assess price stability in the euro area as a whole in quantitative terms.

Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) in an index of consumer prices calculated and published by Eurostat, the Statistical Office of the European Union (EU), on the basis of a statistical methodology that has been harmonised across all EU Member States. HICP is a measure of prices used by the Governing Council of EU to define and assess price stability in the euro area as a whole in quantitative terms.

A measure that examines the weighted average of prices of a basket of consumer goods and services, such as transportation, food and medical care. The CPI is calculated by taking price changes for each item in the predetermined basket of goods and averaging them; the goods are weighted according to their importance. Changes in CPI are used to assess price changes associated with the cost of living.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the HKD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the HKD.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the HKD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the HKD.

The M3 Money Supply is an economic calendar event for Hong Kong that comprises a broader measure of money supply in the nation's economy. It takes into account several financial assets, such as cash, checking deposits, and easily converted near money, to determine the amount of money available for transactions and investment purposes.

This indicator is essential for economists, investors, and policymakers as it provides insights into the overall liquidity and potential inflationary pressures within the Hong Kong economy. The growth or contraction of the M3 Money Supply often affects the financial market, interest rates, and exchange rates by giving clues about the monetary policy trends set by the Hong Kong Monetary Authority.

A higher than expected M3 Money Supply growth rate is usually considered positive for the currency, as it suggests increased economic activity and rising inflationary pressures. On the other hand, a lower than expected growth rate can signal a slowdown in economic activity and reduced inflationary pressures, which may negatively impact the currency value.

The Central Bank Currency Purchase is an economic event in Norway that refers to the acquisition of foreign currency by Norges Bank, the country's central bank. This event has an impact on the country’s foreign exchange reserves and monetary policy.

Central banks often engage in currency purchases to regulate the value of their domestic currency by underpinning or weakening it against foreign currencies. This can be a vital tool in addressing economic imbalances, improving export competitiveness, and maintaining financial stability.

The Norwegian economy, influenced by its reliance on oil exports, experiences fluctuations with global oil price changes. As a result, currency purchases may be used to mitigate the possible adverse effects of these fluctuations on the domestic economy.

Investors and market participants pay close attention to this economic event, as it can cause significant movements in the Norwegian krone and affect financial markets. Additionally, the event can provide insight into the central bank's assessment of the national economy and their monetary policy strategy.

The Italian unemployment rate measures the percentage of the total work force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment during the previous month. This data tends to have a muted impact since there are several earlier indicators related to the euro zone labor market.

The Current Account index measures the difference in value between exported and imported goods, services and interest payments during the reported month. The goods portion is the same as the monthly Trade Balance figureA higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

The impact on the currency may go both ways, a rise in CPI may lead to a rise in interest rates and a rise in local currency, on the other hand, during recession, a rise in CPI may lead to a deepened recession and therefore a fall in local currency.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the PLN, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the PLN.

M3 Money Supply measures the change in the total quantity of domestic currency in circulation and deposited in banks. An increasing supply of money leads to additional spending, which in turn leads to inflation.

The European Central Bank's (ECB) Economic Bulletin (formerly Monthly Bulletin) contains the statistical data that policymakers evaluate when setting interest rates. The report also provides detailed analysis of current and future economic conditions from the bank's perspective. The Economic Bulletin is published two weeks after the monetary policy meeting of the Governing Council of the ECB.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

The impact on the currency may go both ways, a rise in CPI may lead to a rise in interest rates and a rise in local currency, on the other hand, during recession, a rise in CPI may lead to a deepened recession and therefore a fall in local currency.

The Consumers Price Index (CPI) measures the rate of price change of goods and services purchased by households. It measures changes in the average level of prices over a period of time. In other words, prices indicator of what is happening to prices consumers are paying for items purchased. With a given starting point or base period which is usually taken as 100, the CPI can be used to compare current period consumer prices with those in the base period. Consumer Price index is the most frequently used indicator of and reflect changes in the cost of acquiring a fixed basket of goods and services by the average consumer. The weights are usually derived from household expenditure surveys. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Production Price Index (PPI) for all commodities for South African consumption. All indices are based on producer prices at the point of production in the case of commodities produced in South Africa.The Producers Price Index has two types of indexes. First, the output indexes which measure changes in the prices received by producers. Second, the input indexes which measure changes in the cost of production (excluding labour and capital costs). Inputs indexes: The input indexes measure price changes in costs of production excluding labour and depreciation costs. The input indexes cover the prices of: Materials, Fuels and electricity, Transport and communication, Commission and contract services, Rent and lease of land, buildings, vehicles and plant,Business services, Insurance premiums less claims. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the ZAR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the ZAR.

The Production Price Index (PPI) for all commodities for South African consumption. All indices are based on producer prices at the point of production in the case of commodities produced in South Africa.The Producers Price Index has two types of indexes. First, the output indexes which measure changes in the prices received by producers. Second, the input indexes which measure changes in the cost of production (excluding labour and capital costs). Inputs indexes: The input indexes measure price changes in costs of production excluding labour and depreciation costs. The input indexes cover the prices of: Materials, Fuels and electricity, Transport and communication, Commission and contract services, Rent and lease of land, buildings, vehicles and plant,Business services, Insurance premiums less claims. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the ZAR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the ZAR.

The Italian Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Italian Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices, is the same as CPI, but with a joint basket of products for all Eurozone member countries. The impact on the currency may go both ways, a rise in CPI may lead to a rise in interest rates and a rise in local currency, on the other hand, during recession, a rise in CPI may lead to a deepened recession and therefore a fall in local currency.

Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices, is the same as CPI, but with a joint basket of products for all Eurozone member countries. The impact on the currency may go both ways, a rise in CPI may lead to a rise in interest rates and a rise in local currency, on the other hand, during recession, a rise in CPI may lead to a deepened recession and therefore a fall in local currency.

Retail sales data represents total consumer purchase from retail stores. It provides valuable information about consumer spending which makes up the consumption part of GDP. Rising retail sales indicate stronger economic growth. However, if the increase is larger than forecast, it may be inflationary. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The definition for an unemployed person is: Persons (16-65 years) who were available for work (except for temporary illness) but did not work during the survey week, and who made specific efforts to find a job within the previous 4 weeks by going to an employment agency, by applying directly to an employer, by answering a job ad, or being on a union or professional register. The percentage number is calculated unemployed / (employed + unemployed). A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI), non-seasonally adjusted, is a measure that assesses changes in the price of goods and services purchased by households in the Euro Zone. As a widely followed indicator, the CPI helps in understanding the inflation rate and the purchasing power of consumers in relation to changes in prices.

For this particular event, the CPI data presented is not seasonally adjusted, which means it doesn't account for fluctuations in prices related to seasonal factors. These factors may include, for example, changes in prices due to holiday seasons or seasonal production cycles. As a result, the non-seasonally adjusted CPI gives a less smoothed estimate of inflation, one that more directly reflects the actual variation in prices experienced by consumers.

Analysts, traders, and policymakers pay close attention to the CPI as it can influence monetary policies, business decisions, and investments. A rising CPI signals increasing inflation, which may lead to changes in interest rates or other policy adjustments aimed at controlling price levels, as well as impacting the value of the Euro and financial market expectations.

The harmonised indices of consumer prices (HICPs) are calculated according to harmonised definitions and therefore provide the best statistical basis for international comparisons of consumer price inflation from the European Union perspective.The HICP for the euro area is the key indicator of price stability recognised by the European Central Bank and the European System of Central Banks.

The Unemployment Rate measures the percentage of the total work force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment during the previous month. The data tends to have a muted impact as there are several earlier indicators related to labor conditions in the euro zone.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR.

The Core Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services purchased by consumers, excluding food, energy, alcohol, and tobacco. The data has a relatively mild impact because overall CPI is the European Central Bank's mandated target.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Core Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the changes in the price of goods and services, excluding food and energy. The CPI measures price change from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

The impact on the currency may go both ways, a rise in CPI may lead to a rise in interest rates and a rise in local currency, on the other hand, during recession, a rise in CPI may lead to a deepened recession and therefore a fall in local currency.

The harmonised indices of consumer prices (HICPs) are calculated according to harmonised definitions and therefore provide the best statistical basis for international comparisons of consumer price inflation from the European Union perspective.The HICP for the euro area is the key indicator of price stability recognised by the European Central Bank and the European System of Central Banks.

The Data showes the monthly change in the total turnover of the Italian industry.

The Data showes the monthly change in the total turnover of the Italian industry.

Challenger Job Cuts, released by Challenger, Grey & Christmas monthly, provides information on the number of announced corporate layoffs by industry and region. The report is an indicator used by investors to determine the strength of the labor market. A lower than expected number should be taken as positive to the USD, while a higher than expected number as negative

The RBI Monetary and Credit Information Review is a comprehensive report published by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) providing insights into the country's monetary and credit developments.

It typically covers key aspects of the Indian economy, such as money supply, interest rates, inflation, credit growth, and the performance of various banking and financial sector institutions. The review serves as an important indicator of the overall health and stability of the Indian financial sector, helping policymakers, economists, investors, and the public understand the current state and future trends of the economy.

As the central bank of India, the RBI is responsible for maintaining financial stability, controlling inflation, and ensuring adequate credit growth for sustainable economic development. This regular review of monetary and credit conditions helps the RBI in formulating and implementing effective monetary policies, which in turn, play a vital role in shaping the economic landscape of the nation.

FX Reserves measures the foreign assets held or controlled by the country's central bank. The reserves are made of gold or a specific currency. They can also be special drawing rights and marketable securities denominated in foreign currencies like treasury bills, government bonds, corporate bonds and equities and foreign currency loans.

Challenger Job Cuts measures the change in the number of job cuts announced by employers.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD.

The Unemployment Rate measures the percentage of the total work force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the BRL, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the BRL.