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The PMI Report on Manufacturing is a monthly publication, researched & published by Markit.The survey covers industrial sectors based on Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) groups; Chemicals, Electrical, Food/Drink, Mechanical Engineering, Metals, Textiles, Timber/Paper, Transport, Other.The results are presented by question asked, showing the % of respondents reporting an improvement, deterioration or no-change since the previous month. From these %, an index is derived such that a level of 50.0 signals no-change since the previous month. Above 50.0 signals an increase (or improvement), below 50.0 a decrease (or deterioration). The greater the divergence from 50.0, the greater the rate of change signaled.

The Australia and New Zealand Banking Group (ANZ) Job Advertisements report measures the change in the number of jobs advertised in the major daily newspapers and websites covering the capital cities. This report tends to have a greater impact when it is released ahead of government employment data.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the AUD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the AUD.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the yield on the JGB auctioned.

JGB's have maturities of up to 50 years. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital. The rate on a JGB represents the return an investor will receive by holding the note for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

The Riyad Bank Composite Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) provides a reflection of the economic health of the non-oil private sector in Saudi Arabia. It is a composite index derived from monthly surveys of private sector companies covering areas such as new orders, production, employment, supplier deliveries, and inventories. A PMI above 50 indicates expansion in the non-oil private sector, while a reading below 50 indicates contraction. The index is widely monitored by economists, policymakers, and investors as it is considered a leading indicator of economic activity and business conditions in Saudi Arabia's non-oil sectors. The PMI is crucial for identifying trends in the economy, informing decision-making, and providing insights into future economic performance.

The Producer Price Index (PPI) is designed to monitor changes in prices of items at the first important commercial transactions. Producer Price Index (PPI) measures a change in the prices of goods and services, over a span of time, either as they leave their place of production or as they enter the production process. PPI measures a change in the prices received by domestic producers for their outputs or the change in the prices paid by domestic producers for their intermediate inputs.

Commodity Prices measures the change in the selling price of exported commodities. The commodity sector accounts for over half of Australia's export income.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the AUD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the AUD.

The French Government Budget Balance measures the difference in value between the government's income and expenditure for the year-to-date. A negative number indicates a budget deficit, while a positive number indicates a surplus.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Spanish Unemployment Change measures the change in the number of unemployed people during the previous month. A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR, while lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR.

Italian Retail Sales measures the change in the total value of sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Retail Sales measure the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

Retail Sales measure the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the HKD , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the HKD.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the average yield on the Letras del Tesoro auctioned.

Spanish Bills have maturities of less then two years. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital.

The yield on the Letras del Tesoro represents the return an investor will receive by holding the treasury for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the average yield on the Letras del Tesoro auctioned.

Spanish Bills have maturities of less then two years. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital.

The yield on the Letras del Tesoro represents the return an investor will receive by holding the treasury for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

The consumer price index (CPI) is a measure of change in the general level of prices of goods and services bought by households over a specified period of time. It compares a household's cost for a specific basket of finished goods and services with the cost of the same basket during an earlier benchmark period. The consumer price index is used as a measurement of inflation and is a key economic figure. Likely impact: 1) Interest Rates: Larger-than-expected quarterly increase in price inflation or increasing trend is considered inflationary; this will cause bond prices to drop and yields and interest rates to rise. 2) Stock Prices: Higher than expected price inflation is bearish on the stock market as higher inflation will lead to higher interest rates. 3) Exchange Rates: High inflation has an uncertain effect. It would lead to depreciation as higher prices mean lower competitiveness. Conversely, higher inflation causes higher interest rates and a tighter monetary policy that leads to an appreciation.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the average yield on the Schatz note auctioned.

German Schatz notes have maturities of two years. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital.

The yield on the Schatz represents the return an investor will receive by holding the treasury for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

Changes in the volume of the physical output of the nation's factories, mine and utilities are measured by the index of industrial production. The figure is calculated as a weighted aggregate of goods and reported in headlines as a percent change from the same month of previous year. Rising industrial production figures signifyincreasing economic growth and can positively influence the sentiment towards local currency.

Changes in the volume of the physical output of the nation's factories, mine and utilities are measured by the index of industrial production. The figure is calculated as a weighted aggregate of goods and reported in headlines as a percent change from the same month of previous year. Rising industrial production figures signifyincreasing economic growth and can positively influence the sentiment towards local currency.

Total of a country's gold holdings and convertible foreign currencies held in its central bank. Usually includes foreign currencies themselves, other assets denominated in foreign currencies, and particular amount of special drawing rights (SDRs).A foreign exchange reserve is a useful precaution for countries exposed to financial crises. It can be used for the purpose of intervening in the exchange market to influence or peg the exchange rate.

Industrial Production measures the change in the total inflation-adjusted value of output produced by manufacturers, mines, and utilities.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the BRL, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the BRL.

Industrial Production measures the change in the total inflation-adjusted value of output produced by manufacturers, mines, and utilities.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the BRL, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the BRL.

The consumer confidence index is based on interviews with consumers about their perceptions of the country's current and future economic situation and their tendencies to purchase. The performance of the economy of a country is reflected in macro-economic variables, such as the gross national product, external debt, interest rates, foreign exchange rates, imports, exports, stock market prices, inflation rates, real wages, unemployment rate, and so on. The state of the economy is also reflected in the micro-behavior of the consumers. The attitudes and behaviors of individual consumers affect the performance of the economy. For example, if they believe that the economy is heading in a certain direction, then they would make their savings or spending plans according.

Consumer Confidence measures the level of consumer confidence in economic activity. It is a leading indicator as it can predict consumer spending, which plays a major role in overall economic activity. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the MXN , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the MXN.

Measures the weighted-average price of 9 dairy products sold at auction every 2 weeks. It is viewed as a leading indicator of New Zealand's trade balance because rising commodity prices boost export income. The dairy industry is New Zealand's biggest export earner, accounting for more than 29% by value of the country's exports.

Measures the weighted-average price of 9 dairy products sold at auction every 2 weeks. It is viewed as a leading indicator of New Zealand's trade balance because rising commodity prices boost export income. The dairy industry is New Zealand's biggest export earner, accounting for more than 29% by value of the country's exports.

The Trade Balance measures the difference in value between imported and exported goods and services over the reported period. A positive number indicates that more goods and services were exported than imported.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

 The exports number provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise exports on an f.o.b. (free on board) basis. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the CAD, while a lower than expected number as negative

The Imports number measures any good or service brought into one country from another country in a legitimate fashion, typically for use in trade. Import goods or services are provided to domestic consumers by foreign producers. A lower than expected number should be taken as positive to the CAD, while a higher than expected number as negative

The Trade Balance measures the difference in value between imported and exported goods and services over the reported period. A positive number indicates that more goods and services were exported than imported.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CAD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CAD.

The exports number provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise exports. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the USD, while a lower than expected number as negative.

The Imports number measures any good or service brought into one country from another country in a legitimate fashion, typically for use in trade. Import goods or services are provided to domestic consumers by foreign producers. A lower than expected number should be taken as positive to the USD, while a higher than expected number as negative.

The Redbook Index is a sales-weighted of year-over-year same-store sales growth in a sample of large US general merchandise retailers representing about 9,000 stores. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the USD, while a lower than expected number as negative.

The Index (PMI) measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the services sector. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the manufacturing sector; a reading below 50 indicates contraction. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CAD , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CAD.

New orders measure the value of orders received in a given period of time. They are legally binding contracts between a consumer and a producer for delivering goods and services. New orders indicate future industrial output and production requirements.The Manufacturers Shipments, Inventories, and Orders (M3) survey provides broad-based, monthly statistical data on economic conditions in the domestic manufacturing sector. There are 89 separately tabulated industry categories in the M3 survey. These categories are groupings of the 473 manufacturing industries as defined in the 1997 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Manual. The monthly M3 estimates are based on information obtained from most manufacturing companies with $500 million or more in annual shipments. In order to strengthen the sample coverage in individual industry categories, the survey includes selected smaller companies. Value of Shipments - The value of shipments data in the M3 survey represents net selling values, f.o.b. plant, after discounts and allowances and excluding freight charges and excise taxes.

The Durables Excluding Transport event is an important economic indicator that measures the change in the total value of new purchase orders placed with manufacturers for durable goods, excluding transportation items. Durable goods are products that have a lifespan of three years or more, such as machinery, equipment, vehicles, and electronics.

This event provides insights into manufacturing activity and consumer demand for long-lasting goods. Since transportation items, such as aircraft and automobiles, can cause significant volatility in the data due to their high ticket prices and fluctuating demand, excluding these items gives a clearer picture of the overall health of the durable goods manufacturing sector.

Higher values for Durables Excluding Transport indicate increased demand for durable goods and signal potential growth in manufacturing and economic activity. Conversely, lower values may suggest decreased demand and a slowdown in the economy. Investors and policymakers closely monitor this indicator as it influences investment strategies and guides monetary policy decisions.

Factory Orders measures the change in the total value of new purchase orders placed with manufacturers. The report also includes a revision of the Durable Goods Orders data released about a week earlier as well as data new data on non-durable goods orders.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

Factory Orders measures the change in the total value of new purchase orders placed with manufacturers, but excluding all orders related to the transportation industry. The report also includes a revision of the Durable Goods Orders data released about a week earlier as well as data new data on non-durable goods orders. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the USD, while a lower than expected number as negative.

A survey done by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics to help measure job vacancies. It collects data from employers about their businesses' employment, job openings, recruitment, hires and separations.

JOLTS defines Job Openings as all positions that are open (not filled) on the last business day of the month. A job is "open" only if it meets all three of the following conditions:

1. A specific position exists and there is work available for that position.

2. The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the establishment finds a suitable candidate during that time.

3. There is active recruiting for workers from outside the establishment location that has the opening.

A reading that is stronger than forecast is generally supportive (bullish) for the USD, while a weaker than forecast reading is generally negative (bearish) for the USD.

The Investor's Business Daily (IBD), TechnoMetrica Institute of Policy and Politics (TIPP) Economic Optimism Index rates the relative level of economic conditions, including six-month economic outlook, personal financial outlook and confidence in federal economic policies. A level above 50.0 indicates optimism; below indicates pessimism.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

Currency Reserves is an economic calendar event in Denmark that represents the total value of a country's foreign currency holdings and assets, including foreign banknotes, government bonds, gold reserves, and special drawing rights at the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

Foreign currency reserves are primarily held to facilitate international transactions, promote economic stability, and maintain a country's reputation in the global economy. A high level of currency reserves can help the Danish government stabilize the exchange rate and support the national currency in times of economic volatility.

Investors and analysts pay close attention to currency reserves data, as changes in these reserves can influence the relative value of the national currency, affect domestic interest rates, and impact the overall economic outlook. Sudden movements in currency reserves may signal potential government intervention in the foreign exchange market or adjustments to monetary policy.

Exports of goods and services consist of transactions in goods and services (sales, barter, gifts or grants) from residents to non-residents. Exports free on board (f.o.b.) and imports cost insurance freight (c.i.f.) are, in general, customs statistics reported under the general trade statistics according to the recommendations of the UN International Trade Statistics. For some countries imports are reported as f.o.b. instead of c.i.f. which is generally accepted. When reporting imports as f.o.b. you will have the effect of reducing the value of imports by the amount of the cost of insurance and freight.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the rate on the Treasury Bill auctioned.

U.S. Treasury Bills have maturities of a few days to one year. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital. The rate on a Treasury Bill represents the return an investor will receive by holding the bill for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

The Atlanta Fed GDPNow is an economic event that provides a real-time estimate of the United States' gross domestic product (GDP) growth for the current quarter. It serves as a valuable indicator for analysts, policymakers, and economists looking to gauge the health of the American economy.

Created and maintained by the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, the GDPNow model utilizes a sophisticated algorithm that processes incoming data from official government sources. These sources include reports on manufacturing, trade, retail sales, housing, and other sectors, which allows the Atlanta Fed to update their GDP growth projections on a frequent basis.

As an essential benchmark for economic performance, the GDPNow forecast can significantly impact financial markets and influence investment decisions. Market participants often use the GDPNow forecast to adjust their expectations regarding monetary policies and various economic outcomes.

The car registrations published by the European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association (ACEA) describe the number of new passenger car registrations in France. If the number increases, this is a sign of increasing consumption. At the same time, French carmakers are earning more money, leading to rising profits. This generally boosts the economy - and vice versa. If car registrations are higher than expected, this usually leads to a rising euro (EUR) exchange rate on the currency markets. Conversely, the euro exchange rate (EUR) falls if new registrations are lower than expected or if expectations are missed.

Total Vehicle Sales measures the annualized number of new vehicles sold domestically in the reported month. It is an important indicator of consumer spending and is also correlated to consumer confidence.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

The American Petroleum Institute reports inventory levels of US crude oil, gasoline and distillates stocks. The figure shows how much oil and product is available in storage.The indicator gives an overview of US petroleum demand.

If the increase in crude inventories is more than expected, it implies weaker demand and is bearish for crude prices. The same can be said if a decline in inventories is less than expected.

If the increase in crude is less than expected, it implies greater demand and is bullish for crude prices. The same can be said if a decline in inventories is more than expected.

Foreign exchange reserves are only the foreign currency deposits held by central banks and monetary authorities. The Bank of South Korea operates in the FX markets by buying and selling foreign currency in response to exchange rate movements. The dollars which the Bank is purchasing become part of the Bank's foreign exchange reserves.

Employment Change measures the change in the number of people employed. Job creation is an important indicator of consumer spending.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the NZD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the NZD.

The Labor Cost Index measures the change in the price businesses pay for labor, excluding overtime. It is a leading indicator of consumer inflation.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the NZD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the NZD.

The Labor Cost Index measures the change in the price businesses pay for labor, excluding overtime. It is a leading indicator of consumer inflation.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the NZD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the NZD.

The target population for the Household Labour Force Survey is the civilian usually-resident non-institutionalised population aged 15 and over. Before the June 1995 quarter the survey included a sample of individuals living in non-private dwellings such as hotels, boarding houses, tertiary hostels, and motor camps. From the June 1995 quarter onwards, the groups that are excluded from the survey sample are: residents temporarily overseas, those in non-private dwellings, retirement homes, hospitals and psychiatric institutions, prisons, penal institutions and police lock-up; members of the permanent armed forces; non-New Zealand armed forces; overseas diplomats; overseas visitors who expect to be resident in New Zealand for less than 12 months; those aged under 15 years of age; and people living on offshore islands (except for Waiheke Island).

The Unemployment Rate measures the percentage of the total work force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment during the previous quarter.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the NZD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the NZD.

The Australian Industry Group (AIG) Construction Index rates the relative level of business conditions among construction companies. On the index, a reading above 50 indicates industry expansion, below indicates contraction.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the AUD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the AUD.

The Australian Industry Group (AIG) Manufacturing index rates the relative level of business conditions in the sector. The data is based on a survey of about 200 manufacturers. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector; below 50 indicates contraction. Traders watch these surveys closely as purchasing managers usually have early access to data about their company’s performance, which can be a leading indicator of overall economic performance.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the AUD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the AUD.

The S&P Global Manufacturing & Services PMI is a composite indicator that tracks business conditions across Australia’s manufacturing and services sectors. It is based on monthly surveys of purchasing managers, covering output, new orders, employment, input costs, and business expectations.

A reading above 50 indicates expansion in private sector activity, while a reading below 50 signals contraction. Markets monitor this PMI as a timely gauge of overall economic momentum, inflationary pressures, and potential shifts in monetary policy, since it captures changes in demand, capacity utilization, and cost dynamics before many official statistics.

The S&P Global Services PMI for Australia is a survey-based indicator that measures business conditions in the services sector, including areas such as finance, retail, transport, communications, and hospitality. Purchasing managers are asked about output, new business, employment, prices, and business expectations.

A reading above 50 indicates expansion in service-sector activity compared to the previous month, while a reading below 50 signals contraction. Because services make up a large share of Australia’s economy, this index is closely watched as a timely gauge of overall economic momentum, labor demand, and inflationary pressures in the non-manufacturing sector.

One of the statistical figures used by the Cabinet Office in monthly economic reports. It is announced by the Cabinet Office, and represents the total amount of wages received by all Japanese workers. A higher than expected result would be positive news for the yen, whilst a lower than expected result would be negative news for the yen.

Wages and salaries are defined as "the total remuneration, in cash or in kind, payable to all persons counted on the payroll (including homeworkers), in returnfor work done during the accounting period" regardless of whether it is paid on the basis of working time, output or piecework and whether it is paid regularly or not.Non-scheduled cash earnings are the wages paid for work performed outsidescheduled working hours, and on days off or night work, that is allowances for working outside work hours, night work, early morning work, and overnight duty.

The Monetary Policy Meeting Minutes are a detailed record of the Bank of Japan's policy setting meeting, containing in-depth insights into the economic conditions that influenced the decision on where to set interest rates.