FX.co ★ Traders economic calendar. International economic events

Housing credit includes housing loans outstanding to persons by banks, permanentbuilding societies, credit unions, money market corporations and finance companies. Lending and credit to the private non-finance sector (including public trading enterprises) or, where stated, the government sector, by those financial intermediaries whose liabilities are included in broad money.

Private Sector Credit measures the change in the total value of new credit issued to consumers and businesses.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the AUD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the AUD.

FX Reserves measures the foreign assets held or controlled by the country's central bank. The reserves are made of gold or a specific currency. They can also be special drawing rights and marketable securities denominated in foreign currencies like treasury bills, government bonds, corporate bonds and equities and foreign currency loans.

A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the IDR, while a lower than expected number as negative.

The Economy Watchers Current Index measures the current mood of businesses that directly service consumers, such as barbers, taxi drivers, and waiters. The data is compiled from a survey of about 2,000 workers. A reading above 50.0 indicates optimism; below indicates pessimism.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the JPY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the JPY.

The Estonian Current Account % of GDP is an economic calendar event that showcases the ratio of the Current Account balance to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Estonia. The current account records the country's transactions with the rest of the world and includes the balance of trade (exports minus imports), net income from abroad, and net current transfers.

An increasing percentage indicates a higher surplus in the current account, suggesting that Estonia is producing more than it consumes and is able to export its excess production. This can positively impact the nation's currency and signify a strong economy.

On the other hand, a decreasing percentage signifies that the economy is consuming more than it produces, leading to a deficit in the current account. This can have a negative impact on the country's currency and may indicate potential economic challenges.

The Estonian Current Account % of GDP is a significant event for investors, analysts, and policymakers as it provides valuable insights into the overall health of the Estonian economy and potential shifts in economic growth.

German Factory Orders measures the change in the total value of new purchase orders placed with manufacturers for both durable and non-durable goods. It is a leading indicator of production.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The consumer price index (CPI) is a measure of change in the general level of prices of goods and services bought by households over a specified period of time. It compares a household's cost for a specific basket of finished goods and services with the cost of the same basket during an earlier benchmark period. The consumer price index is used as a measurement of and is a key economic figure. Likely impact: 1) Interest Rates: Larger-than-expected quarterly increase in price inflation or increasing trend is considered inflationary; this will cause bond prices to drop and yields and interest rates to rise. 2) Stock Prices: Higher than expected price inflation is bearish on the stock market as higher inflation will lead to higher interest rates. 3) Exchange Rates: High inflation has an uncertain effect. It would lead to depreciation as higher prices mean lower competitiveness. Conversely, higher inflation causes higher interest rates and a tighter monetary policy that leads to an appreciation.

The consumer price index (CPI) is a measure of change in the general level of prices of goods and services bought by households over a specified period of time. It compares a household's cost for a specific basket of finished goods and services with the cost of the same basket during an earlier benchmark period. The consumer price index is used as a measurement of and is a key economic figure. Likely impact: 1) Interest Rates: Larger-than-expected quarterly increase in price inflation or increasing trend is considered inflationary; this will cause bond prices to drop and yields and interest rates to rise. 2) Stock Prices: Higher than expected price inflation is bearish on the stock market as higher inflation will lead to higher interest rates. 3) Exchange Rates: High inflation has an uncertain effect. It would lead to depreciation as higher prices mean lower competitiveness. Conversely, higher inflation causes higher interest rates and a tighter monetary policy that leads to an appreciation.

Industry is a basic category of business activity. Firms in the same industry are on the same side of the market, produce goods which are close substitutes and compete for the same customers. For statistical purposes, industries are categorized following a uniform classification code such as Standard Industrial Classification (SIC). Changes in the volume of the physical output of the nation's factories, mines and utilities are measured by the index of industrial production. The figure is calculated as a weighted aggregate of goods and reported in headlines as a percent change from previous months. It is often adjusted by season or weather conditions and thus volatile. However, it is used as a leading indicator and helps in forecasting GDP changes.

Trade balance, called also net export, is the difference between the value of country's exports and imports, over a period of time. A positive balance (trade surplus) means that exports exceed imports, a negative one means the opposite. Positive trade balance illustrates high competitiveness of country's economy. This strengthens investors' interest in the local currency, appreciating its exchange rate. Exports free on board (f.o.b.) and Imports cost insurance freight (c.i.f.) are, in general, customs statistics reported under the general trade statistics. According to the recommendations of the UN International Trade Statistics.

The State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO) Consumer Climate Index measures the level of consumer confidence in economic activity. On the index, a level above zero indicates optimism; below indicates pessimism.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CHF, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CHF.

Construction output includes construction work done by enterprises with prevailing construction activity. Construction industry provides information on construction output and activity. Such information gives an insight into the supply on the housing and construction market.The construction industry is one of the first to go into a recession when the economy declines but also to recover as conditions improve. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

German Buba Balz Speaks is an economic calendar event that highlights a public speaking engagement or presentation made by a high-ranking official from the Bundesbank (Germany's central bank). During this event, the speaker typically shares insights and updates on the country's economy, inflation, monetary policy, and other key factors impacting Germany's financial landscape.

Investors and market participants pay close attention to these speeches as they may contain valuable information on the central bank's future monetary policy decisions, which can influence the German financial markets, the euro currency, and European bond markets. Any remarks made by the Buba Balz speaker could also serve as an indicator of the overall economic health and direction for Germany, Europe's largest economy.

German Buba Balz Speaks events should be monitored closely by those seeking to make informed decisions or gain an understanding of trends, changes, and developments within German and European financial markets.

The Unemployment Rate measures the percentage of the total work force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment during the previous quarter. A higher than expected reading should be taken as negitive/bearish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR.

The Sentix Investor Confidence Index rates the relative six-month economic outlook for the euro zone. The data is compiled from a survey of about 2,800 investors and analysts. A reading above zero indicates optimism; below indicates pessimism.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

A financial situation that occurs when an entity has more money going out than coming in. The term "budget deficit" is most commonly used to refer to government spending rather than business or individual spending. When it refers to federal government spending, a budget deficit is also known as the "national debt." The opposite of a budget deficit is a budget surplus, and when inflows are equal to outflows, the budget is said to be balanced.

The Leading Indicators Index is a composite index based on 12 economic indicators, that is designed to predict the future direction of the economy.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the JPY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the JPY.

The consumer price index (CPI) is a measure of change over a specified period of time in the general level of prices of goods and services that a given population acquires, uses or pays for consumption. It compares a household's cost for a specific basket of finished goods and services with the cost of the same basket during an earlier benchmark period. Consumer Price index is the most frequently used indicator of and reflect changes in the cost of acquiring a fixed basket of goods and services by the average consumer. The weights are usually derived from household expenditure surveys.

The CPI or Consumer Price Index is a vital piece of economic data published by Angola's statistics bureau. It gives an indication of the inflation rate within the country by measuring the average change in prices over time that consumers pay for a basket of goods and services. It is a significant indicator of the buying power of the Angolan Kwanza. Changes in the CPI are used to assess price changes associated with the cost of living.

The calculation of the CPI involves tracking the prices of a specified set of consumer goods and services over time and comparing the costs with a base year. Increases or decreases in the CPI indicate rising or falling inflation rates, respectively. It's an important tool for economic policymakers, including central banks, in formulating monetary policy. Furthermore, for investors and traders, the CPI is a key gauge of economic trends which can influence investment decisions.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a significant economic indicator for Angola. It reflects the change in prices of a defined basket of goods and services purchased by households over a given period. Essentially, it provides information about trends and inflation in the cost of living.

The CPI is calculated by taking price changes for each item in the predetermined basket of goods and averaging them. This index is vital for economists and investors as it provides key information about the economic environment in Angola.

An increasing trend in the CPI is seen as inflationary which may prompt the country's central bank to raise interest rates to manage inflation. Conversely, a decreasing trend indicates deflation which may lead to a lowering of interest rates.

Total of a country's gold holdings and convertible foreign currencies held in its central bank. Usually includes foreign currencies themselves, other assets denominated in foreign currencies, and particular amount of special drawing rights (SDRs).A foreign exchange reserve is a useful precaution for countries exposed to financial crises. It can be used for the purpose of intervening in the exchange market to influence or peg the exchange rate.

The Focus Market Report provides weekly mean market expectations for inflation over following month, 12 months, and following year as well as expectations for Selic target rate, real GDP growth, net public sector debt/GDP, industrial production growth, current account, and trade balance, collected from over 130 banks, brokers, and funds managers.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CLP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CLP.

Consumer Price index is the most frequently used indicator of and reflect changes in the cost of acquiring a fixed basket of goods and services by the average consumer. The weights are usually derived from household expenditure surveys. CPI(X): Consumer price index less fresh fruits and vegetables, and combustible. This index is used by the Central bank as an indicator of core inflation. The consumer price index (CPI) is a measure of change over a specified period of time in the general level of prices of goods and services that a given population acquires, uses or pays for consumption. It compares a household's cost for a specific basket of finished goods and services with the cost of the same basket during an earlier benchmark period.

Exports of goods and services consist of transactions in goods and services (sales, barter, gifts or grants) from residents to non-residents. Tradable Copper - Copper deliveries to the national manufacturing industry for domestic consumption and manufactured exports.

The Trade Balance measures the difference in value between imported and exported goods and services over the reported period. A positive number indicates that more goods and services were exported than imported.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CLP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CLP.

Exports free on board (f.o.b.) and Imports cost insurance freight (c.i.f.) are, in general, customs statistics reported under the general trade statistics according to the recommendations of the UN International Trade Statistics. For some countries Imports are reported as f.o.b. instead of c.i.f. which is generally accepted. When reporting Imports as f.o.b. you will have the effect of reducing the value of Imports by the amount of the cost of insurance and freight. Exports of goods and services consist of transactions in goods and services (sales, barter, gifts or grants) from residents to non-residents.

Imports of goods and services consist of transactions in goods and services (purchases, barter, gifts or grants) from non-residents to residents. Prepared inaccordance with the methodological criteria established in the sixth edition of the Balance of Payments Manual.

The United Arab Emirates GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is the key economic indicator that represents the monetary value of goods and services produced in the country over a specific period. It is commonly used globally to measure the growth and performance of a nation's economy. The GDP data is typically released on a quarterly or annual basis, providing insights into the health and direction of the UAE economy.

High GDP figures signify that the country's economic activities are robust, which often attracts foreign investment, resulting in greater economic growth and development. A lower GDP, on the other hand, may indicate an economic downturn or recession, which may lead to reduced investment and employment opportunities.

Government authorities, economic experts, investors, and the general public closely monitor the UAE's GDP data, as it helps stakeholders make informed decisions affecting the country's fiscal policies, business strategies, and personal investment choices. Moreover, comparing UAE's GDP with that of other countries can offer insights into its global economic standing and competitiveness.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the average yield on the Bons du Trésor à taux fixe or BTF auctioned.

French BTF bills have maturities of up to 1 year. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital.

The yield on the BTF represents the return an investor will receive by holding the treasury for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the average yield on the Bons du Trésor à taux fixe or BTF auctioned.

French BTF bills have maturities of up to 1 year. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital.

The yield on the BTF represents the return an investor will receive by holding the treasury for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the average yield on the Bons du Trésor à taux fixe or BTF auctioned.

French BTF bills have maturities of up to 1 year. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital.

The yield on the BTF represents the return an investor will receive by holding the treasury for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

The eight labor-market indicators listed below aggregated into the Employment Trends Index. Percentage of respondents who say they find ""Jobs Hard to Get"" (The Conference Board Consumer Confidence Survey). Initial Claims for Unemployment Insurance (U.S. Department of Labor). Percentage of Firms With Positions Not Able to Fill Right Now (National Federation of Independent Business). Number of employees hired by the temporary-help industry (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics). Part-time Workers for Economic Reasons (BLS).Job Openings (BLS). Industrial Production (Federal Reserve Board). Real Manufacturing and Trade Sales (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis). A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the USD , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the USD.

Public Finances, Central Government, Budget, Cash balance, Cumulative. Consolidated budget realizations. The cash budget measures the money the Treasury actually receives and pays out in the month. The primary balance excludes interest payments.

The NY Fed 1-Year Consumer Inflation Expectations is an economic event that measures the anticipated inflation rate in the United States over the next 12 months. This data is derived from the Survey of Consumer Expectations conducted by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The survey provides information on consumer attitudes towards inflation, which can be an important factor in shaping economic policies and financial market trends.

A higher than expected inflation rate can be concerning for investors, as it may lead to the Federal Reserve increasing interest rates to combat rising prices, which can have an impact on consumer spending and investments. Conversely, a lower than expected inflation rate may indicate a sluggish economy, potentially leading to policy makers adopting a more accommodative stance to stimulate economic growth. The NY Fed 1-Year Consumer Inflation Expectations therefore serves as a valuable indicator of consumer sentiment and potential future policy actions by the Federal Reserve.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the rate on the Treasury Bill auctioned.

U.S. Treasury Bills have maturities of a few days to one year. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital. The rate on a Treasury Bill represents the return an investor will receive by holding the bill for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

The figures displayed in the calendar represent the rate on the Treasury Bill auctioned.

U.S. Treasury Bills have maturities of a few days to one year. Governments issue treasuries to borrow money to cover the gap between the amount they receive in taxes and the amount they spend to refinance existing debt and/or to raise capital. The rate on a Treasury Bill represents the return an investor will receive by holding the bill for its entire duration. All bidders receive the same rate at the highest accepted bid.

Yield fluctuations should be monitored closely as an indicator of the government debt situation. Investors compare the average rate at auction to the rate at previous auctions of the same security.

Manufacturing Sales measures the change in the overall value of sales made by manufacturers.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the NZD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the NZD.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the KRW, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the KRW.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the KRW, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the KRW.

The British Retail Consortium (BRC) Retail Sales Monitor measures the change in the value of same-store sales in BRC-member retail outlets in the U.K.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

M3 Money Supply measures the total quantity of domestic currency in circulation and deposited in banks. An increasing supply of money leads to additional spending, which in turn leads to inflation.

Monetary aggregates, known also as "money supply", is the quantity of currency available within the economy to purchase goods and services. Depending on the degree of liquidity chosen to define an asset as money, various monetary aggregates are distinguished: M0, M1, M2, M3, M4, etc. Not all of them are used by every country. Note that methodology of calculating money supply varies between countries. M2 is a monetary aggregate that includes all physical currency circulating in the economy (banknotes and coins), operational deposits in central bank, money in current accounts, saving accounts, money market deposits and small certificates of deposit. Excess money supply growth potentially can cause inflation and generate fears that the government may tighten money growth by allowing the interest rates to rise which in turn, lowers future prices. M2 = Currency in circulation + demand deposits (private sector) + time and savings deposits (private sector).

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the JPY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the JPY.