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Deutsche Bundesbank President and voting member of the ECB Governing Council from Jan 2022. He's believed to be one of the most influential members of the council. ECB Governing Council members vote on where to set the Eurozone's key interest rates and their public engagements are often used to drop subtle clues regarding future monetary policy.

Gross National Product and Gross Domestic Product is the total value of the finished goods and services produced in the economy. It is not a precise measure of national economic well-being but expressed in volume (adjusted for inflation). It is the closest single number we have got to such a measure. It is the sum of final expenditures; Export of goods and services, Imports of goods and services, Private Consumption, Government Consumption, Gross Fixed Capital Formation and Increases/Decreases(-) in stocksA higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the ILS, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the ILS.

The Producer Price Index (PPI) is designed to monitor changes in prices of items at the first important commercial transactions. The PPI shows the same general pattern of inflation as does Consumer price index, but is more volatile. This is because it is weighted more heavily towards goods that are traded in highly competitive markets and somewhat less sensitive to changes in the cost of labour. In principle, the PPI should include service industries. But in practice it is limited to the domestic agricultural and industrial sector. The prices should be farm-gate prices for the agricultural sector and ex-factory prices for the industrial sector. The PPI is worth watching as a leading indicator of inflation at the consumer level. Price changes at the wholesale level take time to work their way through to the retail store. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the KRW , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the KRW.

The Producer Price Index (PPI) is designed to monitor changes in prices of items at the first important commercial transactions. The PPI shows the same general pattern of inflation as does Consumer price index, but is more volatile. This is because it is weighted more heavily towards goods that are traded in highly competitive markets and somewhat less sensitive to changes in the cost of labour. In principle, the PPI should include service industries. But in practice it is limited to the domestic agricultural and industrial sector. The prices should be farm-gate prices for the agricultural sector and ex-factory prices for the industrial sector. The PPI is worth watching as a leading indicator of inflation at the consumer level. Price changes at the wholesale level take time to work their way through to the retail store. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the KRW , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the KRW.

Core Machinery Orders measures the change in the total value of new orders placed with machine manufacturers, excluding ships and utilities. It is a key indicator of investment and a leading indicator of manufacturing production.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the JPY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the JPY.

New orders measure the value of orders received in a given period of time. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the JPY, while a lower than expected number as negative.

The Melbourne Institute (MI) Inflation Gauge measures the change in the price of goods and services purchased by consumers. The data is designed to mimic the quarterly government-released CPI data.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the AUD, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the AUD.

The Rightmove House Price Index (HPI) measures the change in the asking price of homes for sale. This is the U.K.'s earliest report on house price inflation, but tends to have a mild impact because asking prices do not always reflect selling prices.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

The Rightmove House Price Index (HPI) measures the change in the asking price of homes for sale. This is the U.K.'s earliest report on house price inflation, but tends to have a mild impact because asking prices do not always reflect selling prices.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

The HPI is based on transactions involving conventional and conforming mortgages - only on single-family properties.It is a weighted, repeat-sales index, which means that it measures average price changes in repeat sales or refinancings on the same properties. Percent change from a year earlier, 70 medium and large cities. It is a weighted average calculated by Thomson Reuters. A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CNY , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CNY.

Chinese Fixed Asset Investment measures the change in the total spending on non-rural capital investments such as factories, roads, power grids, and property.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CNY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CNY.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CNY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CNY.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the annualized change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy. It is the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary indicator of the economy's health. A stronger than expected number should be taken as positive for the CNY and a lower than expected number as negative to the CNY.

The Chinese GDP YTD (Year-to-Date) is an important economic indicator that shows the pace of economic growth in China. This event measures the total market value of all goods and services produced by the country in a given period, usually released quarterly by the National Bureau of Statistics of China.

A higher rate of GDP growth can often signal a healthy economy, which may lead to increased investments and trade activities. Conversely, a lower growth rate may indicate a sluggish economy, potentially causing financial markets and foreign investors to react negatively. This data can help traders and investors in understanding the overall economic health of China, which is a crucial aspect of making decisions in the global financial markets.

Industrial Production measures the change in the total inflation-adjusted value of output produced by manufacturers, mines, and utilities.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CNY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CNY.

Industrial Production measures the change in the total inflation-adjusted value of output produced by manufacturers, mines, and utilities.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CNY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CNY.

Retail Sales measure the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CNY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CNY.

Retail Sales measure the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level. It is the foremost indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CNY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CNY.

The Chinese unemployment rate measures the percentage of the total urban work force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment during the reported month. A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CNY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CNY.

The National Bureau of Statistics of China (NBS) press conference publishes statistics related to the economy, population and society of the People's Republic of China at the national and local levels.

Capacity utilization is a concept in economics and managerial accounting which refers to the extent to which an enterprise or a nation actually uses its installed productive capacity. Thus, it refers to the relationship between actual output that 'is' actually produced with the installed equipment, and the potential output which 'could' be produced with it, if capacity was fully used. A rull of thumb is, when capacity utilization is stable above 80%, in most cases rates will start going up. A higher than expected number should be taken as positive to the JPY, while a lower than expected number as negative

Industrial Production measures the change in the total inflation-adjusted value of output produced by manufacturers, mines, and utilities.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the JPY, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the JPY.

The Tertiary Industry Index measures the change in the total value of services purchased by businesses. It is a leading indicator of economic health.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the GBP, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the GBP.

Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) in an index of consumer prices calculated and published by Eurostat, the Statistical Office of the European Union (EU), on the basis of a statistical methodology that has been harmonised across all EU Member States. HICP is a measure of prices used by the Governing Council of EU to define and assess price stability in the euro area as a whole in quantitative terms.

Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) in an index of consumer prices calculated and published by Eurostat, the Statistical Office of the European Union (EU), on the basis of a statistical methodology that has been harmonised across all EU Member States. HICP is a measure of prices used by the Governing Council of EU to define and assess price stability in the euro area as a whole in quantitative terms.

Producer Price Index (PPI) measures a change in the prices of goods and services, over a span of time, either as they leave their place of production oras they enter the production process. PPI measures a change in the prices received by domestic producers for their outputs or the change in the prices paid by domestic producers for their intermediate inputs. Inflation at this producer level often gets passed through to the Consumer Price Index (CPI). By tracking price pressures in the pipeline, inflationary consequences in coming months can be anticipated. Inflation at this producer level often gets passed through to the Consumer Price Index (CPI). By tracking price pressures in the pipeline, inflationary consequences in coming months can be anticipated.

Producer Price Index (PPI) measures a change in the prices of goods and services, over a span of time, either as they leave their place of production oras they enter the production process. PPI measures a change in the prices received by domestic producers for their outputs or the change in the prices paid by domestic producers for their intermediate inputs. Inflation at this producer level often gets passed through to the Consumer Price Index (CPI). By tracking price pressures in the pipeline, inflationary consequences in coming months can be anticipated. Inflation at this producer level often gets passed through to the Consumer Price Index (CPI). By tracking price pressures in the pipeline, inflationary consequences in coming months can be anticipated.

The HICP are designed expressly for international comparisons of consumer price across EU Member States. these harmonized inflation figures will be used to inform decisions on which Member States meet price stability convergence criterion for EMU. However, they are not intended to replace existing national Consumer Price Indices (CPIs). The coverage of the indices is based on the EU classification COICOP (classification of individual consumption by purpose). As a result a number of CPI series are excluded from the HICP, most particularly owner occupiers housing and council tax. However, the HICP includes series for personal computers, new cars and air fairs.

The HICP are designed expressly for international comparisons of consumer price across EU Member States. these harmonized inflation figures will be used to inform decisions on which Member States meet price stability convergence criterion for EMU. However, they are not intended to replace existing national Consumer Price Indices (CPIs). The coverage of the indices is based on the EU classification COICOP (classification of individual consumption by purpose). As a result a number of CPI series are excluded from the HICP, most particularly owner occupiers housing and council tax. However, the HICP includes series for personal computers, new cars and air fairs.

The Core Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services purchased by consumers, excluding food, energy, alcohol, and tobacco. The data has a relatively mild impact because overall CPI is the European Central Bank's mandated target.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Core Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the changes in the price of goods and services, excluding food and energy. The CPI measures price change from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR, while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

The impact on the currency may go both ways, a rise in CPI may lead to a rise in interest rates and a rise in local currency, on the other hand, during recession, a rise in CPI may lead to a deepened recession and therefore a fall in local currency.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services excluding tobacco from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

The impact on the currency may go both ways, a rise in CPI may lead to a rise in interest rates and a rise in local currency, on the other hand, during recession, a rise in CPI may lead to a deepened recession and therefore a fall in local currency.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in the price of goods and services excluding tobacco from the perspective of the consumer. It is a key way to measure changes in purchasing trends.

The impact on the currency may go both ways, a rise in CPI may lead to a rise in interest rates and a rise in local currency, on the other hand, during recession, a rise in CPI may lead to a deepened recession and therefore a fall in local currency.

The harmonised indices of consumer prices (HICPs) are calculated according to harmonised definitions and therefore provide the best statistical basis for international comparisons of consumer price inflation from the European Union perspective.The HICP for the euro area is the key indicator of price stability recognised by the European Central Bank and the European System of Central Banks.

The harmonised indices of consumer prices (HICPs) are calculated according to harmonised definitions and therefore provide the best statistical basis for international comparisons of consumer price inflation from the European Union perspective.The HICP for the euro area is the key indicator of price stability recognised by the European Central Bank and the European System of Central Banks.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI), non-seasonally adjusted, is a measure that assesses changes in the price of goods and services purchased by households in the Euro Zone. As a widely followed indicator, the CPI helps in understanding the inflation rate and the purchasing power of consumers in relation to changes in prices.

For this particular event, the CPI data presented is not seasonally adjusted, which means it doesn't account for fluctuations in prices related to seasonal factors. These factors may include, for example, changes in prices due to holiday seasons or seasonal production cycles. As a result, the non-seasonally adjusted CPI gives a less smoothed estimate of inflation, one that more directly reflects the actual variation in prices experienced by consumers.

Analysts, traders, and policymakers pay close attention to the CPI as it can influence monetary policies, business decisions, and investments. A rising CPI signals increasing inflation, which may lead to changes in interest rates or other policy adjustments aimed at controlling price levels, as well as impacting the value of the Euro and financial market expectations.

Foreign capital actually utilized refers to the amount which has been actually used according to the agreements and contracts, including cash, materials and invisible capital such as labour service and technology which both parties agree to take as an investment.

A higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the CNY , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the CNY.

Eurogroup Meetings are a significant event on the economic calendar that brings together finance ministers from the 19 Eurozone countries to discuss and coordinate fiscal policies. These meetings, held regularly throughout the year, provide an important platform for exchange on the common currency, the euro, and the economic health of the Eurozone.

During these meetings, decision-makers from Eurozone member states work together to address ongoing challenges, create opportunities for growth, and maintain financial stability within the region. Key topics discussed during Eurogroup Meetings include budgetary policies, macroeconomic imbalances, financial reforms, and adherence to commonly agreed economic rules and guidelines.

The outcomes of Eurogroup Meetings can have a meaningful impact on financial markets, as decisions or policy shifts can influence investor sentiment, foreign exchange rates, and long-term fiscal strategies. As such, investors and financial analysts closely follow the developments from these meetings to assess the future direction of the Eurozone economy and make informed decisions about investments and trading strategies.

The Current Account index measures the difference in value between exported and imported goods, services and interest payments during the reported month. The goods portion is the same as the monthly Trade Balance figureA higher than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the EUR , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the EUR. Anyways, the impact of Pourtugal on the EUR is small.

The Unemployment Rate measures the percentage of the total work force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment. A higher than expected reading should be taken as negative/bearish for the ILS , while a lower than expected reading should be taken as positive/bullish for the ILS.

The Bundesbank Monthly Report handles economic issues, including in particular monetary policy, and financial and economic policy issues.

The Focus Market Report provides weekly mean market expectations for inflation over following month, 12 months, and following year as well as expectations for Selic target rate, real GDP growth, net public sector debt/GDP, industrial production growth, current account, and trade balance, collected from over 130 banks, brokers, and funds managers.

Monetary policy refers to the actions undertaken by a country's monetary authority, central bank or government to achieve certain national economic goals. It is based on the relationship between interest rates at which money can be borrowed and total supply of money. Policy rates are the most important rates within a country's monetary policy. These can be: deposit rates, lombard rates, rediscount rates, reference rates etc. Changing them influences economic growth, inflation, exchange rates and unemployment.

Change in the price of goods and services, purchased by consumers, which have similar price variations over time.